TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultraviolet radiation as a predictor of sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women
T2 - A European multi-center study (ECRHS)
AU - Triebner, Kai
AU - Bifulco, Ersilia
AU - Barrera-Gómez, Jose
AU - Basagaña, Xavier
AU - Benediktsdóttir, Bryndís
AU - Forsberg, Bertil
AU - Franklin, Karl A.
AU - Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa
AU - Leynaert, Bénédicte
AU - Lindberg, Eva
AU - Martínez-Moratalla, Jesús
AU - Muniozguren-Agirre, Nerea
AU - Pin, Isabelle
AU - Raherison, Chantal
AU - Pereira-Vega, Antonio
AU - Schlünssen, Vivi
AU - Valentin, Antonia
AU - Hustad, Steinar
AU - Real, Francisco Gómez
AU - Dadvand, Payam
N1 - Funding Information:
Kai Triebner has received a postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Bergen . Payam Dadvand is funded by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship ( RYC-2012-10995 ) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Finance . The present analyses are part of a project funded by the Norwegian Research Council (Project No. 228174). The coordination of ECRHS III was supported by the Medical Research Council (Grant No. 92091 ). Bodies funding the local studies are listed in the online data supplement. The funding sources were not involved in the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article, in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Funding Information:
The study was funded by the European Medical Research Council (Grant Number 92091) and carried out according to the Helsinki Declaration II and approved by local ethics committees at each centre. Every participant was required to give written informed consent. Details can be found at http://www.ecrhs.org/progress.htm .
Funding Information:
We thank all participants, field workers and coordinators of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey for their efforts as well as the Research Council of the European Union, the Norwegian Research Council and the University of Bergen for their financial support. Further, we are very grateful to Sandra Suske and Nebeyaet Selemon Gebraslase for the hormone analyses carried out at the Core Facility for Metabolomics at the University of Bergen. We also thank Albert Dalmau-Bueno and Livia Pierotti for their contributions to the assessment of UVR exposure.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s)
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Background: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) affects the body through pathways that exhibit positive as well as negative health effects such as immunoregulation and vitamin D production. Different vitamin D metabolites are associated with higher or lower concentrations of estrogens and may thus alter the female sex hormone balance. Objective: To study whether exposure to UVR, as a modifiable lifestyle factor, is associated with levels of sex hormones (17β-estradiol, estrone, estrone 3-sulfate, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), gonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone) as well as sex hormone binding globulin in postmenopausal women, and thus investigate whether managing UVR exposure can influence the hormone balance, with potential benefits for the biological aging process. Methods: The study included 580 postmenopausal women from six European countries, participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (2010–2014). Average UVR exposure during the month before blood sampling was estimated based on personal sun behavior and ambient levels. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum using state-of-the-art methods. Subsequently we applied linear mixed-effects models, including center as random intercept, hormone concentrations (one at a time) as outcome and UVR, age, skin type, body mass index, vitamin D from dietary sources, smoking, age at completed full-time education and season of blood sampling as fixed-effect predictors. Results: One interquartile range increase in UVR exposure was associated with decreased levels of 17β-estradiol (-15.6 pmol/L, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): -27.69, -3.51) and estrone (-13.36 pmol/L, 95 % CI: -26.04, -0.68) and increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone (9.34IU/L, 95 % CI: 2.91, 15.77) and luteinizing hormone (13.86 IU/daL, 95 % CI: 2.48, 25.25). Conclusions: Exposure to UVR is associated with decreased estrogens and increased gonadotropins in postmenopausal women, a status associated with osteoporosis, lung function decline and other adverse health effects. This study indicates that managing UVR exposure has potential to influence the hormone balance and counteract adverse health conditions after menopause.
AB - Background: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) affects the body through pathways that exhibit positive as well as negative health effects such as immunoregulation and vitamin D production. Different vitamin D metabolites are associated with higher or lower concentrations of estrogens and may thus alter the female sex hormone balance. Objective: To study whether exposure to UVR, as a modifiable lifestyle factor, is associated with levels of sex hormones (17β-estradiol, estrone, estrone 3-sulfate, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), gonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone) as well as sex hormone binding globulin in postmenopausal women, and thus investigate whether managing UVR exposure can influence the hormone balance, with potential benefits for the biological aging process. Methods: The study included 580 postmenopausal women from six European countries, participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (2010–2014). Average UVR exposure during the month before blood sampling was estimated based on personal sun behavior and ambient levels. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum using state-of-the-art methods. Subsequently we applied linear mixed-effects models, including center as random intercept, hormone concentrations (one at a time) as outcome and UVR, age, skin type, body mass index, vitamin D from dietary sources, smoking, age at completed full-time education and season of blood sampling as fixed-effect predictors. Results: One interquartile range increase in UVR exposure was associated with decreased levels of 17β-estradiol (-15.6 pmol/L, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): -27.69, -3.51) and estrone (-13.36 pmol/L, 95 % CI: -26.04, -0.68) and increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone (9.34IU/L, 95 % CI: 2.91, 15.77) and luteinizing hormone (13.86 IU/daL, 95 % CI: 2.48, 25.25). Conclusions: Exposure to UVR is associated with decreased estrogens and increased gonadotropins in postmenopausal women, a status associated with osteoporosis, lung function decline and other adverse health effects. This study indicates that managing UVR exposure has potential to influence the hormone balance and counteract adverse health conditions after menopause.
KW - Estrogens
KW - Menopause
KW - Reproductive aging
KW - Sunlight
KW - Vitamin D
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099235858&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.12.011
DO - 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.12.011
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33541562
AN - SCOPUS:85099235858
SN - 0378-5122
VL - 145
SP - 49
EP - 55
JO - Maturitas
JF - Maturitas
ER -