The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Qiaomei Fu; Cosimo Posth; Mateja Hajdinjak; Martin Petr; Swapan Mallick; Daniel Fernandes; Anja Furtwängler; Wolfgang Haak; Matthias Meyer; Alissa Mittnik; Birgit Nickel; Alexander Peltzer; Nadin Rohland; Vivian Slon; Sahra  Talamo; Iosif Lazaridis; Mark Lipson; Iain Mathieson; Stephan Schiffels; Pontus Skoglund; Anatoly P. Derevianko; Nikolai Drozdov; Vyacheslav Slavinsky; Alexander Tsybankov; Renata Grifoni Cremonesi; Francesco Mallegni; Bernard Gély; Eligio Vacca; Manuel R. González Morales; Lawrence G. Straus; Christine Neugebauer-Maresch; Maria Teschler-Nicola; Silviu Constantin; Oana Teodora Moldovan; Stefano Benazzi; Marco Peresani; Donato Coppola; Martina Lari; Stefano Ricci; Annamaria Ronchitelli; Frédérique Valentin; Corinne Thevenet; Kurt Wehrberger; Dan Grigorescu; Hélène Rougier; Isabelle Crevecoeur; Damien Flas; Patrick Semal; Marcello Mannino; Christophe Cupillard; Hervé Bocherens; Nicholas J. Conard; Katerina Harvati; Vyacheslav Moiseyev; Dorothée G. Drucker; Jiří Svoboda; Michael P. Richards; David Caramelli; Ron Pinhasi; Janet Kelso; Nick Patterson; Johannes Krause; Svante Pääbo; David Reich

doi:10.1038/nature17993

The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Qiaomei Fu, Cosimo Posth, Mateja Hajdinjak, Martin Petr, Swapan Mallick, Daniel Fernandes, Anja Furtwängler, Wolfgang Haak, Matthias Meyer, Alissa Mittnik, Birgit Nickel, Alexander Peltzer, Nadin Rohland, Vivian Slon, Sahra Talamo, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Stephan Schiffels, Pontus SkoglundAnatoly P. Derevianko, Nikolai Drozdov, Vyacheslav Slavinsky, Alexander Tsybankov, Renata Grifoni Cremonesi, Francesco Mallegni, Bernard Gély, Eligio Vacca, Manuel R. González Morales, Lawrence G. Straus, Christine Neugebauer-Maresch, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Silviu Constantin, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Stefano Benazzi, Marco Peresani, Donato Coppola, Martina Lari, Stefano Ricci, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Frédérique Valentin, Corinne Thevenet, Kurt Wehrberger, Dan Grigorescu, Hélène Rougier, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Damien Flas, Patrick Semal, Marcello Mannino, Christophe Cupillard, Hervé Bocherens, Nicholas J. Conard, Katerina Harvati, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Dorothée G. Drucker, Jiří Svoboda, Michael P. Richards, David Caramelli, Ron Pinhasi, Janet Kelso, Nick Patterson, Johannes Krause, Svante Pääbo, David Reich

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Abstract

Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000–7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ~35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

Original language	English
Journal	Nature
Volume	534
Issue	7606
Pages (from-to)	200-205
Number of pages	6
ISSN	0028-0836
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993
Publication status	Published - 9 Jun 2016

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@article{b73bec9577084311b622be93e29a1b67,

title = "The genetic history of Ice Age Europe",

abstract = "Modern humans arrived in Europe \textasciitilde{}45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming \textasciitilde{}8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from \textasciitilde{}45,000–7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6\% to around 2\%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between \textasciitilde{}37,000 and \textasciitilde{}14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An \textasciitilde{}35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age \textasciitilde{}19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after \textasciitilde{}14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.",

author = "Qiaomei Fu and Cosimo Posth and Mateja Hajdinjak and Martin Petr and Swapan Mallick and Daniel Fernandes and Anja Furtw{\"a}ngler and Wolfgang Haak and Matthias Meyer and Alissa Mittnik and Birgit Nickel and Alexander Peltzer and Nadin Rohland and Vivian Slon and Sahra Talamo and Iosif Lazaridis and Mark Lipson and Iain Mathieson and Stephan Schiffels and Pontus Skoglund and Derevianko, \{Anatoly P.\} and Nikolai Drozdov and Vyacheslav Slavinsky and Alexander Tsybankov and \{Grifoni Cremonesi\}, Renata and Francesco Mallegni and Bernard G{\'e}ly and Eligio Vacca and \{Gonz{\'a}lez Morales\}, \{Manuel R.\} and Straus, \{Lawrence G.\} and Christine Neugebauer-Maresch and Maria Teschler-Nicola and Silviu Constantin and Moldovan, \{Oana Teodora\} and Stefano Benazzi and Marco Peresani and Donato Coppola and Martina Lari and Stefano Ricci and Annamaria Ronchitelli and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique Valentin and Corinne Thevenet and Kurt Wehrberger and Dan Grigorescu and H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Rougier and Isabelle Crevecoeur and Damien Flas and Patrick Semal and Marcello Mannino and Christophe Cupillard and Herv{\'e} Bocherens and Conard, \{Nicholas J.\} and Katerina Harvati and Vyacheslav Moiseyev and Drucker, \{Doroth{\'e}e G.\} and Ji{\v r}{\'i} Svoboda and Richards, \{Michael P.\} and David Caramelli and Ron Pinhasi and Janet Kelso and Nick Patterson and Johannes Krause and Svante P{\"a}{\"a}bo and David Reich",

year = "2016",

month = jun,

day = "9",

doi = "10.1038/nature17993",

language = "English",

volume = "534",

pages = "200--205",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

number = "7606",

}

Fu, Q, Posth, C, Hajdinjak, M, Petr, M, Mallick, S, Fernandes, D, Furtwängler, A, Haak, W, Meyer, M, Mittnik, A, Nickel, B, Peltzer, A, Rohland, N, Slon, V, Talamo, S, Lazaridis, I, Lipson, M, Mathieson, I, Schiffels, S, Skoglund, P, Derevianko, AP, Drozdov, N, Slavinsky, V, Tsybankov, A, Grifoni Cremonesi, R, Mallegni, F, Gély, B, Vacca, E, González Morales, MR, Straus, LG, Neugebauer-Maresch, C, Teschler-Nicola, M, Constantin, S, Moldovan, OT, Benazzi, S, Peresani, M, Coppola, D, Lari, M, Ricci, S, Ronchitelli, A, Valentin, F, Thevenet, C, Wehrberger, K, Grigorescu, D, Rougier, H, Crevecoeur, I, Flas, D, Semal, P, Mannino, M, Cupillard, C, Bocherens, H, Conard, NJ, Harvati, K, Moiseyev, V, Drucker, DG, Svoboda, J, Richards, MP, Caramelli, D, Pinhasi, R, Kelso, J, Patterson, N, Krause, J, Pääbo, S & Reich, D 2016, 'The genetic history of Ice Age Europe', Nature, vol. 534, no. 7606, pp. 200-205. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993

TY - JOUR

T1 - The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

AU - Fu, Qiaomei

AU - Posth, Cosimo

AU - Hajdinjak, Mateja

AU - Petr, Martin

AU - Mallick, Swapan

AU - Fernandes, Daniel

AU - Furtwängler, Anja

AU - Haak, Wolfgang

AU - Meyer, Matthias

AU - Mittnik, Alissa

AU - Nickel, Birgit

AU - Peltzer, Alexander

AU - Rohland, Nadin

AU - Slon, Vivian

AU - Talamo, Sahra

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Lipson, Mark

AU - Mathieson, Iain

AU - Schiffels, Stephan

AU - Skoglund, Pontus

AU - Derevianko, Anatoly P.

AU - Drozdov, Nikolai

AU - Slavinsky, Vyacheslav

AU - Tsybankov, Alexander

AU - Grifoni Cremonesi, Renata

AU - Mallegni, Francesco

AU - Gély, Bernard

AU - Vacca, Eligio

AU - González Morales, Manuel R.

AU - Straus, Lawrence G.

AU - Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine

AU - Teschler-Nicola, Maria

AU - Constantin, Silviu

AU - Moldovan, Oana Teodora

AU - Benazzi, Stefano

AU - Peresani, Marco

AU - Coppola, Donato

AU - Lari, Martina

AU - Ricci, Stefano

AU - Ronchitelli, Annamaria

AU - Valentin, Frédérique

AU - Thevenet, Corinne

AU - Wehrberger, Kurt

AU - Grigorescu, Dan

AU - Rougier, Hélène

AU - Crevecoeur, Isabelle

AU - Flas, Damien

AU - Semal, Patrick

AU - Mannino, Marcello

AU - Cupillard, Christophe

AU - Bocherens, Hervé

AU - Conard, Nicholas J.

AU - Harvati, Katerina

AU - Moiseyev, Vyacheslav

AU - Drucker, Dorothée G.

AU - Svoboda, Jiří

AU - Richards, Michael P.

AU - Caramelli, David

AU - Pinhasi, Ron

AU - Kelso, Janet

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Krause, Johannes

AU - Pääbo, Svante

AU - Reich, David

PY - 2016/6/9

Y1 - 2016/6/9

N2 - Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000–7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ~35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

AB - Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000–7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ~35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

U2 - 10.1038/nature17993

DO - 10.1038/nature17993

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 27135931

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 534

SP - 200

EP - 205

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7606

ER -

The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Abstract

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