The Atomic Number Revolution in Chemistry: A Kuhnian Analysis

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Atomic Number Revolution in Chemistry: A Kuhnian Analysis

AU - Wray, K. Brad

PY - 2018/10

Y1 - 2018/10

N2 - This paper argues that the field of chemistry underwent a significant change of theory in the early twentieth century, when atomic number replaced atomic weight as the principle for ordering and identifying the chemical elements. It is a classic case of a Kuhnian revolution. In the process of addressing anomalies, chemists who were trained to see elements as defined by their atomic weight discovered that their theoretical assumptions were impediments to understanding the chemical world. The only way to normalize the anomalies was to introduce new concepts, and a new conceptual understanding of what it is to be an element. In the process of making these changes, a new scientific lexicon emerged, one that took atomic number to be the defining feature of a chemical element.

AB - This paper argues that the field of chemistry underwent a significant change of theory in the early twentieth century, when atomic number replaced atomic weight as the principle for ordering and identifying the chemical elements. It is a classic case of a Kuhnian revolution. In the process of addressing anomalies, chemists who were trained to see elements as defined by their atomic weight discovered that their theoretical assumptions were impediments to understanding the chemical world. The only way to normalize the anomalies was to introduce new concepts, and a new conceptual understanding of what it is to be an element. In the process of making these changes, a new scientific lexicon emerged, one that took atomic number to be the defining feature of a chemical element.

KW - atomic number

KW - atomic weight

KW - history of chemistry

KW - scientfic revolution

KW - theory change

KW - Thomas Kuhn

UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-017-9303-6

U2 - 10.1007/s10698-017-9303-6

DO - 10.1007/s10698-017-9303-6

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1386-4238

VL - 20

SP - 209

EP - 217

JO - Foundations of Chemistry: Philosophical, Historical, Educational and Interdisciplinary Studies of Chemistry

JF - Foundations of Chemistry: Philosophical, Historical, Educational and Interdisciplinary Studies of Chemistry

IS - 3

ER -