Sustained phosphorus removal by calcareous materials in long-term (two years) column experiment

Solvei Mundbjerg Jensen; Helmer Søhoel; Frances Helen Blaikie; Carlos Alberto Arias; Hans Brix

doi:10.3390/w14050682

Sustained phosphorus removal by calcareous materials in long-term (two years) column experiment

Solvei Mundbjerg Jensen^*, Helmer Søhoel, Frances Helen Blaikie, Carlos Alberto Arias, Hans Brix

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

(1) Phosphorus (P) removal has proven difficult in decentralized wastewater treatment systems, and external filters installed with a highly P sorbent material have been proposed to improve the P removal. In particular, calcium (Ca) rich materials have shown promising results. (2) Eight materials (five calcareous materials, one quartz sand, and two Sol–Gel coated calcareous materials) were tested in columns fed with P-spiked tap water for two years. The experiment was operated under four periods with increased P concentration from 3.3 to 21.5 mg P L ⁻¹, and with increased surface loading rate from 18 to 227 mm d ⁻¹ . After termination, the element content was measured in four column height fractions. (3) Initially, all columns removed P effectively and the calcareous materials (CAT, CAT A, and CAT C) maintained an effective removal until termination, while increases in effluent P concentration were detected already after 7 weeks for SAN and after 80–90 weeks for OPO, PHO, CAL, and HYG. The highest P content for materials were measured for the bottom fraction closest to the inlet distribution. For most materials, we observed a good agreement between the maximum sorption capacity (Q _max ) and the P content in the bottom fraction; however, a discrepancy was observed for CAL, CAT A, and CAT C. (4) In conclusion, the calcareous materials provided a consistent P removal for all 24 months. Additionally, the Sol–Gel coating had a minimal effect on the P removal capacity contrary to previous findings in batch experiments for the coated materials.

Original language	English
Article number	682
Journal	Water
Volume	14
Issue	5
Number of pages	14
ISSN	2073-4441
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050682
Publication status	Published - Mar 2022

Keywords

Constructed wetlands
Filter
Langmuir
Material
Media
Phosphorus
Sol–Gel coating
Sorption
Total P binding capacity
Treatment wetlands
WASTE-WATER TREATMENT
RETENTION
FILTER MATERIALS
media
total P binding capacity
sorption
Sol-Gel coating
filter
treatment wetlands
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
material
NITROGEN
constructed wetlands
phosphorus

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@article{571982e51ee44f368a9fc4ab05f24518,

title = "Sustained phosphorus removal by calcareous materials in long-term (two years) column experiment",

abstract = "(1) Phosphorus (P) removal has proven difficult in decentralized wastewater treatment systems, and external filters installed with a highly P sorbent material have been proposed to improve the P removal. In particular, calcium (Ca) rich materials have shown promising results. (2) Eight materials (five calcareous materials, one quartz sand, and two Sol–Gel coated calcareous materials) were tested in columns fed with P-spiked tap water for two years. The experiment was operated under four periods with increased P concentration from 3.3 to 21.5 mg P L −1, and with increased surface loading rate from 18 to 227 mm d −1 . After termination, the element content was measured in four column height fractions. (3) Initially, all columns removed P effectively and the calcareous materials (CAT, CAT A, and CAT C) maintained an effective removal until termination, while increases in effluent P concentration were detected already after 7 weeks for SAN and after 80–90 weeks for OPO, PHO, CAL, and HYG. The highest P content for materials were measured for the bottom fraction closest to the inlet distribution. For most materials, we observed a good agreement between the maximum sorption capacity (Q max ) and the P content in the bottom fraction; however, a discrepancy was observed for CAL, CAT A, and CAT C. (4) In conclusion, the calcareous materials provided a consistent P removal for all 24 months. Additionally, the Sol–Gel coating had a minimal effect on the P removal capacity contrary to previous findings in batch experiments for the coated materials. ",

keywords = "Constructed wetlands, Filter, Langmuir, Material, Media, Phosphorus, Sol–Gel coating, Sorption, Total P binding capacity, Treatment wetlands, WASTE-WATER TREATMENT, RETENTION, FILTER MATERIALS, media, total P binding capacity, sorption, Sol-Gel coating, filter, treatment wetlands, CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS, material, NITROGEN, constructed wetlands, phosphorus",

author = "Jensen, {Solvei Mundbjerg} and Helmer S{\o}hoel and Blaikie, {Frances Helen} and Arias, {Carlos Alberto} and Hans Brix",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

doi = "10.3390/w14050682",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

journal = "Water",

issn = "2073-4441",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "5",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sustained phosphorus removal by calcareous materials in long-term (two years) column experiment

AU - Jensen, Solvei Mundbjerg

AU - Søhoel, Helmer

AU - Blaikie, Frances Helen

AU - Arias, Carlos Alberto

AU - Brix, Hans

PY - 2022/3

Y1 - 2022/3

N2 - (1) Phosphorus (P) removal has proven difficult in decentralized wastewater treatment systems, and external filters installed with a highly P sorbent material have been proposed to improve the P removal. In particular, calcium (Ca) rich materials have shown promising results. (2) Eight materials (five calcareous materials, one quartz sand, and two Sol–Gel coated calcareous materials) were tested in columns fed with P-spiked tap water for two years. The experiment was operated under four periods with increased P concentration from 3.3 to 21.5 mg P L −1, and with increased surface loading rate from 18 to 227 mm d −1 . After termination, the element content was measured in four column height fractions. (3) Initially, all columns removed P effectively and the calcareous materials (CAT, CAT A, and CAT C) maintained an effective removal until termination, while increases in effluent P concentration were detected already after 7 weeks for SAN and after 80–90 weeks for OPO, PHO, CAL, and HYG. The highest P content for materials were measured for the bottom fraction closest to the inlet distribution. For most materials, we observed a good agreement between the maximum sorption capacity (Q max ) and the P content in the bottom fraction; however, a discrepancy was observed for CAL, CAT A, and CAT C. (4) In conclusion, the calcareous materials provided a consistent P removal for all 24 months. Additionally, the Sol–Gel coating had a minimal effect on the P removal capacity contrary to previous findings in batch experiments for the coated materials.

AB - (1) Phosphorus (P) removal has proven difficult in decentralized wastewater treatment systems, and external filters installed with a highly P sorbent material have been proposed to improve the P removal. In particular, calcium (Ca) rich materials have shown promising results. (2) Eight materials (five calcareous materials, one quartz sand, and two Sol–Gel coated calcareous materials) were tested in columns fed with P-spiked tap water for two years. The experiment was operated under four periods with increased P concentration from 3.3 to 21.5 mg P L −1, and with increased surface loading rate from 18 to 227 mm d −1 . After termination, the element content was measured in four column height fractions. (3) Initially, all columns removed P effectively and the calcareous materials (CAT, CAT A, and CAT C) maintained an effective removal until termination, while increases in effluent P concentration were detected already after 7 weeks for SAN and after 80–90 weeks for OPO, PHO, CAL, and HYG. The highest P content for materials were measured for the bottom fraction closest to the inlet distribution. For most materials, we observed a good agreement between the maximum sorption capacity (Q max ) and the P content in the bottom fraction; however, a discrepancy was observed for CAL, CAT A, and CAT C. (4) In conclusion, the calcareous materials provided a consistent P removal for all 24 months. Additionally, the Sol–Gel coating had a minimal effect on the P removal capacity contrary to previous findings in batch experiments for the coated materials.

KW - Constructed wetlands

KW - Filter

KW - Langmuir

KW - Material

KW - Media

KW - Phosphorus

KW - Sol–Gel coating

KW - Sorption

KW - Total P binding capacity

KW - Treatment wetlands

KW - WASTE-WATER TREATMENT

KW - RETENTION

KW - FILTER MATERIALS

KW - media

KW - total P binding capacity

KW - sorption

KW - Sol-Gel coating

KW - filter

KW - treatment wetlands

KW - CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

KW - material

KW - NITROGEN

KW - constructed wetlands

KW - phosphorus

U2 - 10.3390/w14050682

DO - 10.3390/w14050682

M3 - Journal article

SN - 2073-4441

VL - 14

JO - Water

JF - Water

IS - 5

M1 - 682

ER -

Sustained phosphorus removal by calcareous materials in long-term (two years) column experiment

Abstract

Keywords

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