Supplementation of palmitoleic acid improved piglet growth and reduced body temperature drop upon a cold exposure

TY - JOUR

T1 - Supplementation of palmitoleic acid improved piglet growth and reduced body temperature drop upon a cold exposure

AU - Feyera, Takele

AU - Lashkari, Saman

AU - Johannsen, Jakob Christoffer

AU - Llauradó-Calero, Eudald

AU - Zhe , Li

AU - Theil, Peter Kappel

AU - Jensen, Søren Krogh

PY - 2023/11

Y1 - 2023/11

N2 - Piglet survival is a major challenge in the first few days postpartum and interventions during this period may improve survival and growth. Thisstudy investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7; PA) supplementation on growth performance, body temperature, fatty acid (FA),and energy metabolism in milk-replacer-fed piglets. Forty-eight piglets were stratified by body weight and randomly assigned to one of fourdietary treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% PA supplementation as a percent of milk replacer) and given the diet through an orogastric tube.They were fed dietary treatments every 2 h for 4 d in the first week postpartum and all were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The pigletswere weighed daily, and half in each dietary treatment group, the same piglets each day, were exposed daily to a lower temperature for 2 h.Plasma samples were collected immediately before sacrifice for analyses of FA and other plasma metabolites. The weight of organs and emptybody weight were determined after sacrifice. Liver and semimembranosus muscle tissue samples were collected and analyzed for FA content.Contents of C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-7 in both plasma and liver (P < 0.001), and C16:1n-7 in semimembranosus muscle (P < 0.001) increasedlinearly as PA supplementation increased. Most plasma FA levels (except C16:1n-7, C16:1n-9, and C22:5n-3) were lower in piglets exposedto lower temperatures than those that were not. Plasma glucose, triglycerides, and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased linearly with PAsupplementation (P < 0.001). Piglets’ average daily gain, liver glycogen pool, liver weight, and gallbladder weight increased linearly (P < 0.05,P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively), but lung weight, liver nitrogen content, and body temperature drop decreased linearly (P < 0.01,P < 0.001, and P < 0.05, respectively) with PA supplementation. Piglets exposed to low temperature had greater liver nitrogen (P < 0.05) andlactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.001) contents but had lower liver weight (P < 0.01) and plasma lactate concentration (P < 0.05) than those thatwere not. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the importance of PA on the growth performance of the piglets by increasing their averagedaily gain and decreasing a drop in body temperature upon cold exposure, most likely due to a modified energy metabolism.

AB - Piglet survival is a major challenge in the first few days postpartum and interventions during this period may improve survival and growth. Thisstudy investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7; PA) supplementation on growth performance, body temperature, fatty acid (FA),and energy metabolism in milk-replacer-fed piglets. Forty-eight piglets were stratified by body weight and randomly assigned to one of fourdietary treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% PA supplementation as a percent of milk replacer) and given the diet through an orogastric tube.They were fed dietary treatments every 2 h for 4 d in the first week postpartum and all were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The pigletswere weighed daily, and half in each dietary treatment group, the same piglets each day, were exposed daily to a lower temperature for 2 h.Plasma samples were collected immediately before sacrifice for analyses of FA and other plasma metabolites. The weight of organs and emptybody weight were determined after sacrifice. Liver and semimembranosus muscle tissue samples were collected and analyzed for FA content.Contents of C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-7 in both plasma and liver (P < 0.001), and C16:1n-7 in semimembranosus muscle (P < 0.001) increasedlinearly as PA supplementation increased. Most plasma FA levels (except C16:1n-7, C16:1n-9, and C22:5n-3) were lower in piglets exposedto lower temperatures than those that were not. Plasma glucose, triglycerides, and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased linearly with PAsupplementation (P < 0.001). Piglets’ average daily gain, liver glycogen pool, liver weight, and gallbladder weight increased linearly (P < 0.05,P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively), but lung weight, liver nitrogen content, and body temperature drop decreased linearly (P < 0.01,P < 0.001, and P < 0.05, respectively) with PA supplementation. Piglets exposed to low temperature had greater liver nitrogen (P < 0.05) andlactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.001) contents but had lower liver weight (P < 0.01) and plasma lactate concentration (P < 0.05) than those thatwere not. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the importance of PA on the growth performance of the piglets by increasing their averagedaily gain and decreasing a drop in body temperature upon cold exposure, most likely due to a modified energy metabolism.

KW - energy metabolism, fatty acid, fat metabolism, growth, piglet

KW - Lactation/physiology

KW - Fatty Acids/metabolism

KW - Body Weight

KW - Diet/veterinary

KW - Body Temperature

KW - Milk/metabolism

KW - Animal Feed/analysis

KW - Lactate Dehydrogenases/metabolism

KW - Animals

KW - Swine

KW - Female

KW - Dietary Supplements

KW - Nitrogen/metabolism

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85177498248&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/jas/skad372

DO - 10.1093/jas/skad372

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37935407

SN - 0021-8812

VL - 101

SP - 1

EP - 13

JO - Journal of Animal Science

JF - Journal of Animal Science

M1 - skad372

ER -