Strategies employed by viruses to manipulate autophagy

TY - JOUR

T1 - Strategies employed by viruses to manipulate autophagy

AU - Dinesh Kumar, Nilima

AU - Smit, Jolanda M

AU - Reggiori, Fulvio

N1 - © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Autophagy, originally described as a conserved bulk degradation pathway important to maintain cellular homeostasis during starvation, has also been implicated in playing a central role in multiple physiological processes. For example, autophagy is part of our innate immunity by targeting intracellular pathogens to lysosomes for degradation in a process called xenophagy. Coevolution and adaptation between viruses and autophagy have armed viruses with a multitude of strategies to counteract the antiviral functions of the autophagy pathway. In addition, some viruses have acquired mechanisms to exploit specific functions of either autophagy or the key components of this process, the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, to promote viral replication and pathogenesis. In this chapter, we describe several examples where the strategy employed by a virus to subvert autophagy has been described with molecular detail. Their stratagems positively or negatively target practically all the steps of autophagy, including the signaling pathways regulating this process. This highlights the intricate relationship between autophagy and viruses and how by commandeering autophagy, viruses have devised ways to fine-tune their replication.

AB - Autophagy, originally described as a conserved bulk degradation pathway important to maintain cellular homeostasis during starvation, has also been implicated in playing a central role in multiple physiological processes. For example, autophagy is part of our innate immunity by targeting intracellular pathogens to lysosomes for degradation in a process called xenophagy. Coevolution and adaptation between viruses and autophagy have armed viruses with a multitude of strategies to counteract the antiviral functions of the autophagy pathway. In addition, some viruses have acquired mechanisms to exploit specific functions of either autophagy or the key components of this process, the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, to promote viral replication and pathogenesis. In this chapter, we describe several examples where the strategy employed by a virus to subvert autophagy has been described with molecular detail. Their stratagems positively or negatively target practically all the steps of autophagy, including the signaling pathways regulating this process. This highlights the intricate relationship between autophagy and viruses and how by commandeering autophagy, viruses have devised ways to fine-tune their replication.

KW - Animals

KW - Apoptosis

KW - Autophagosomes/virology

KW - Autophagy-Related Proteins/physiology

KW - Autophagy/immunology

KW - Cytokines/physiology

KW - Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/physiology

KW - Endosomes/virology

KW - Energy Metabolism/physiology

KW - Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/physiology

KW - Host-Pathogen Interactions

KW - Humans

KW - Immune Evasion

KW - Immunity, Innate

KW - Lysosomes/enzymology

KW - Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/physiology

KW - Membrane Fusion

KW - Signal Transduction

KW - Stress, Physiological

KW - Viral Proteins/physiology

KW - Virus Diseases/immunology

KW - Virus Physiological Phenomena

KW - Virus Replication

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85079199971&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.01.004

DO - 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.01.004

M3 - Review

C2 - 32620243

SN - 1877-1173

VL - 172

SP - 203

EP - 237

JO - Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

JF - Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

ER -