Spider genomes provide insight into composition and evolution of venom and silk

Kristian W Sanggaard; Jesper S Bechsgaard; Xiaodong Fang; Jinjie Duan; Thomas F Dyrlund; Vikas Gupta; Xuanting Jiang; Ling Cheng; Dingding Fan; Yue Feng; Lijuan Han; Zhiyong Huang; Zongze Wu; Li Liao; Virginia Settepani; Ida B Thøgersen; Bram Vanthournout; Tobias Wang; Yabing Zhu; Peter Funch; Jan Johannes Enghild; Leif Schauser; Stig U Andersen; Palle Villesen; Mikkel Heide Schierup; Trine Bilde; Jun Wang

doi:10.1038/ncomms4765

Spider genomes provide insight into composition and evolution of venom and silk

Kristian W Sanggaard, Jesper S Bechsgaard, Xiaodong Fang, Jinjie Duan, Thomas F Dyrlund, Vikas Gupta, Xuanting Jiang, Ling Cheng, Dingding Fan, Yue Feng, Lijuan Han, Zhiyong Huang, Zongze Wu, Li Liao, Virginia Settepani, Ida B Thøgersen, Bram Vanthournout, Tobias Wang, Yabing Zhu, Peter FunchJan Johannes Enghild, Leif Schauser, Stig U Andersen, Palle Villesen, Mikkel Heide Schierup, Trine Bilde, Jun Wang

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

226 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Spiders are ecologically important predators with complex venom and extraordinarily tough silk that enables capture of large prey. Here we present the assembled genome of the social velvet spider and a draft assembly of the tarantula genome that represent two major taxonomic groups of spiders. The spider genomes are large with short exons and long introns, reminiscent of mammalian genomes. Phylogenetic analyses place spiders and ticks as sister groups supporting polyphyly of the Acari. Complex sets of venom and silk genes/proteins are identified. We find that venom genes evolved by sequential duplication, and that the toxic effect of venom is most likely activated by proteases present in the venom. The set of silk genes reveals a highly dynamic gene evolution, new types of silk genes and proteins, and a novel use of aciniform silk. These insights create new opportunities for pharmacological applications of venom and biomaterial applications of silk.

Original language	English
Article number	3765
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	5
Number of pages	11
ISSN	2041-1723
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4765
Publication status	Published - 2014

Keywords

Biological sciences
Evolution
Genetics

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10.1038/ncomms4765

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140506/ncomms4765/pdf/ncomms4765.pdf

Evolutionary ecology and genomics of sociality in spiders
Bilde, T. (Project manager), Bechsgaard, J. S. (Project manager) & Settepani, V. (Project manager)
Project: Research

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Sanggaard, K. W., Bechsgaard, J. S., Fang, X., Duan, J., Dyrlund, T. F., Gupta, V., Jiang, X., Cheng, L., Fan, D., Feng, Y., Han, L., Huang, Z., Wu, Z., Liao, L., Settepani, V., Thøgersen, I. B., Vanthournout, B., Wang, T., Zhu, Y., ... Wang, J. (2014). Spider genomes provide insight into composition and evolution of venom and silk. Nature Communications, 5, Article 3765. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4765

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title = "Spider genomes provide insight into composition and evolution of venom and silk",

abstract = "Spiders are ecologically important predators with complex venom and extraordinarily tough silk that enables capture of large prey. Here we present the assembled genome of the social velvet spider and a draft assembly of the tarantula genome that represent two major taxonomic groups of spiders. The spider genomes are large with short exons and long introns, reminiscent of mammalian genomes. Phylogenetic analyses place spiders and ticks as sister groups supporting polyphyly of the Acari. Complex sets of venom and silk genes/proteins are identified. We find that venom genes evolved by sequential duplication, and that the toxic effect of venom is most likely activated by proteases present in the venom. The set of silk genes reveals a highly dynamic gene evolution, new types of silk genes and proteins, and a novel use of aciniform silk. These insights create new opportunities for pharmacological applications of venom and biomaterial applications of silk.",

keywords = "Biological sciences, Evolution, Genetics",

author = "Sanggaard, {Kristian W} and Bechsgaard, {Jesper S} and Xiaodong Fang and Jinjie Duan and Dyrlund, {Thomas F} and Vikas Gupta and Xuanting Jiang and Ling Cheng and Dingding Fan and Yue Feng and Lijuan Han and Zhiyong Huang and Zongze Wu and Li Liao and Virginia Settepani and Th{\o}gersen, {Ida B} and Bram Vanthournout and Tobias Wang and Yabing Zhu and Peter Funch and Enghild, {Jan Johannes} and Leif Schauser and Andersen, {Stig U} and Palle Villesen and Schierup, {Mikkel Heide} and Trine Bilde and Jun Wang",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1038/ncomms4765",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

journal = "Nature Communications",

issn = "2041-1723",

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Sanggaard, KW, Bechsgaard, JS, Fang, X, Duan, J, Dyrlund, TF, Gupta, V, Jiang, X, Cheng, L, Fan, D, Feng, Y, Han, L, Huang, Z, Wu, Z, Liao, L, Settepani, V , Thøgersen, IB, Vanthournout, B, Wang, T, Zhu, Y, Funch, P , Enghild, JJ, Schauser, L, Andersen, SU , Villesen, P , Schierup, MH , Bilde, T & Wang, J 2014, 'Spider genomes provide insight into composition and evolution of venom and silk', Nature Communications, vol. 5, 3765. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4765

TY - JOUR

T1 - Spider genomes provide insight into composition and evolution of venom and silk

AU - Sanggaard, Kristian W

AU - Bechsgaard, Jesper S

AU - Fang, Xiaodong

AU - Duan, Jinjie

AU - Dyrlund, Thomas F

AU - Gupta, Vikas

AU - Jiang, Xuanting

AU - Cheng, Ling

AU - Fan, Dingding

AU - Feng, Yue

AU - Han, Lijuan

AU - Huang, Zhiyong

AU - Wu, Zongze

AU - Liao, Li

AU - Settepani, Virginia

AU - Thøgersen, Ida B

AU - Vanthournout, Bram

AU - Wang, Tobias

AU - Zhu, Yabing

AU - Funch, Peter

AU - Enghild, Jan Johannes

AU - Schauser, Leif

AU - Andersen, Stig U

AU - Villesen, Palle

AU - Schierup, Mikkel Heide

AU - Bilde, Trine

AU - Wang, Jun

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Spiders are ecologically important predators with complex venom and extraordinarily tough silk that enables capture of large prey. Here we present the assembled genome of the social velvet spider and a draft assembly of the tarantula genome that represent two major taxonomic groups of spiders. The spider genomes are large with short exons and long introns, reminiscent of mammalian genomes. Phylogenetic analyses place spiders and ticks as sister groups supporting polyphyly of the Acari. Complex sets of venom and silk genes/proteins are identified. We find that venom genes evolved by sequential duplication, and that the toxic effect of venom is most likely activated by proteases present in the venom. The set of silk genes reveals a highly dynamic gene evolution, new types of silk genes and proteins, and a novel use of aciniform silk. These insights create new opportunities for pharmacological applications of venom and biomaterial applications of silk.

AB - Spiders are ecologically important predators with complex venom and extraordinarily tough silk that enables capture of large prey. Here we present the assembled genome of the social velvet spider and a draft assembly of the tarantula genome that represent two major taxonomic groups of spiders. The spider genomes are large with short exons and long introns, reminiscent of mammalian genomes. Phylogenetic analyses place spiders and ticks as sister groups supporting polyphyly of the Acari. Complex sets of venom and silk genes/proteins are identified. We find that venom genes evolved by sequential duplication, and that the toxic effect of venom is most likely activated by proteases present in the venom. The set of silk genes reveals a highly dynamic gene evolution, new types of silk genes and proteins, and a novel use of aciniform silk. These insights create new opportunities for pharmacological applications of venom and biomaterial applications of silk.

KW - Biological sciences

KW - Evolution

KW - Genetics

U2 - 10.1038/ncomms4765

DO - 10.1038/ncomms4765

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 24801114

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 5

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

M1 - 3765

ER -

Spider genomes provide insight into composition and evolution of venom and silk

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Keywords

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Evolutionary ecology and genomics of sociality in spiders

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