TY - JOUR
T1 - Skin Barrier Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis
AU - Frølunde, Anne Sofie
AU - Vestergaard, Christian
AU - Deleuran, Mette
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - Purpose of Review: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, inflammatory, relapsing skin disease with intense itch. The disease affects approximately 20% of children and up to 10% of adults in affluent countries, however, the prevalence is fluctuating across the world and across ethnical groups. This review focuses on the epidermal barrier abnormalities in AD and recent studies investigating the genetic, immunologic, and microbial aspects in the pathophysiology of AD. Recent Findings: Loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in filaggrin (FLG) is the most important genetic risk factor for development of AD, and a major contributor to the epidermal barrier dysfunction. Latest research has revealed abundant ethnical variations in the FLG LoF mutation variants seen in AD patients. Increasing focus on the microbiome has also revealed that Staphylococcus aureus possibly plays a central role in the barrier abnormalities and that these microbiome abnormalities can be normalized during AD treatment. Summary: Several new therapeutic agents are available or in the pipeline for AD patients, mainly targeting the inflammatory pathway. Future research on the epidermal barrier dysfunction will hopefully bring us closer to a deeper understanding of the pathology and possibilities for development of new targeted therapies.
AB - Purpose of Review: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, inflammatory, relapsing skin disease with intense itch. The disease affects approximately 20% of children and up to 10% of adults in affluent countries, however, the prevalence is fluctuating across the world and across ethnical groups. This review focuses on the epidermal barrier abnormalities in AD and recent studies investigating the genetic, immunologic, and microbial aspects in the pathophysiology of AD. Recent Findings: Loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in filaggrin (FLG) is the most important genetic risk factor for development of AD, and a major contributor to the epidermal barrier dysfunction. Latest research has revealed abundant ethnical variations in the FLG LoF mutation variants seen in AD patients. Increasing focus on the microbiome has also revealed that Staphylococcus aureus possibly plays a central role in the barrier abnormalities and that these microbiome abnormalities can be normalized during AD treatment. Summary: Several new therapeutic agents are available or in the pipeline for AD patients, mainly targeting the inflammatory pathway. Future research on the epidermal barrier dysfunction will hopefully bring us closer to a deeper understanding of the pathology and possibilities for development of new targeted therapies.
KW - Atopic dermatitis
KW - Filaggrin
KW - Inflammation
KW - Microbiome
KW - Skin barrier
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132691161&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40521-022-00310-9
DO - 10.1007/s40521-022-00310-9
M3 - Review
AN - SCOPUS:85132691161
SN - 2196-3053
VL - 9
SP - 107
EP - 117
JO - Current Treatment Options in Allergy
JF - Current Treatment Options in Allergy
IS - 3
ER -