TY - JOUR
T1 - Selection of volatile markers for rubbery rot in apple fruit caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis
AU - Holthusen, Hinrich H.F.
AU - Weber, Roland W.S.
AU - Edelenbos, Merete
AU - Luca, Alexandru
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2025/2
Y1 - 2025/2
N2 - Although a major share of postharvest losses of apples is due to fungal fruit rots, their timely detection is difficult in commercial bulk-storage rooms. Therefore, a method was developed to identify the volatile markers of fruit naturally infected by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis, a common storage-rot fungus of Northern Europe, and North and South America. Potato dextrose agar, apple juice agar, and fruit of the apple cultivar ‘Nicoter’ were inoculated with P. washingtonensis. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled from the headspace of inoculated and uninoculated agar cultures and fruits using solid-phase micro-extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The number of emitted alcohols and miscellaneous compounds was higher from agar and fruit colonised by P. washingtonensis than from uninoculated controls, whereas more aldehydes and esters were detected in uninoculated samples. These results indicate that the fungus produced alcohols and miscellaneous compounds and consumed aldehydes and esters while growing. The concentration of 37 of the VOCs was higher in the P. washingtonensis inoculated agar compared to the uninoculated agar, and nine of these compounds (3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 2-phenylethanol, acetone, 3-methyl furan, styrene, 1-ethyl-4-methoxybenzene, 4-ethylphenol, and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol) were associated with fungal growth both in vitro and in vivo. Twenty-nine compounds were also detected in higher concentrations in apple fruit naturally infected by P.
AB - Although a major share of postharvest losses of apples is due to fungal fruit rots, their timely detection is difficult in commercial bulk-storage rooms. Therefore, a method was developed to identify the volatile markers of fruit naturally infected by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis, a common storage-rot fungus of Northern Europe, and North and South America. Potato dextrose agar, apple juice agar, and fruit of the apple cultivar ‘Nicoter’ were inoculated with P. washingtonensis. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled from the headspace of inoculated and uninoculated agar cultures and fruits using solid-phase micro-extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The number of emitted alcohols and miscellaneous compounds was higher from agar and fruit colonised by P. washingtonensis than from uninoculated controls, whereas more aldehydes and esters were detected in uninoculated samples. These results indicate that the fungus produced alcohols and miscellaneous compounds and consumed aldehydes and esters while growing. The concentration of 37 of the VOCs was higher in the P. washingtonensis inoculated agar compared to the uninoculated agar, and nine of these compounds (3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 2-phenylethanol, acetone, 3-methyl furan, styrene, 1-ethyl-4-methoxybenzene, 4-ethylphenol, and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol) were associated with fungal growth both in vitro and in vivo. Twenty-nine compounds were also detected in higher concentrations in apple fruit naturally infected by P.
KW - Growth media
KW - Malus domestica Borkh.
KW - Potato dextrose agar (PDA)
KW - Rubbery rot
KW - Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85214347703&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.101527
DO - 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.101527
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 39826981
AN - SCOPUS:85214347703
SN - 1878-6146
VL - 129
JO - Fungal Biology
JF - Fungal Biology
IS - 1
M1 - 101527
ER -