TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for prolonged grief symptoms
T2 - A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Buur, C.
AU - Zachariae, R.
AU - Komischke-Konnerup, K. B.
AU - Marello, M. M.
AU - Schierff, L. H.
AU - O'Connor, M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2024/2
Y1 - 2024/2
N2 - Background: The diagnosis Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) has recently been included in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. To identify individuals who need help coping with grief, knowledge is needed about who is at risk of developing PGD. We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on risk factors for prolonged grief symptoms (PGS). Methods: Based on a literature search in PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL, we included the most frequently investigated risk factors in a meta-analysis. The effect size correlation was used as the standardized measure of the strength of the association between the risk factor and PGS. Results: Based on 120 studies of 61.580 participants published between 1989 and 2023, 19 risk factors were included in the meta-analysis. For the adjusted associations, the strongest associations with PGS were pre-loss grief symptoms (ESr = 0.39, 95%CI[0.24–0.53]) and depression (ESr = 0.30, 95%CI[0.13–0.44]). Small, but statistically significant associations were observed for unexpected death, violent/unnatural death, low educational level, low income, female gender, anxious attachment style, and death of a child or partner. Conclusions: An updated overview of risk factors for PGS is presented, including their predictive strength. The results offer knowledge that can aid prevention and early identification of people at risk of PGD.
AB - Background: The diagnosis Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) has recently been included in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. To identify individuals who need help coping with grief, knowledge is needed about who is at risk of developing PGD. We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on risk factors for prolonged grief symptoms (PGS). Methods: Based on a literature search in PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL, we included the most frequently investigated risk factors in a meta-analysis. The effect size correlation was used as the standardized measure of the strength of the association between the risk factor and PGS. Results: Based on 120 studies of 61.580 participants published between 1989 and 2023, 19 risk factors were included in the meta-analysis. For the adjusted associations, the strongest associations with PGS were pre-loss grief symptoms (ESr = 0.39, 95%CI[0.24–0.53]) and depression (ESr = 0.30, 95%CI[0.13–0.44]). Small, but statistically significant associations were observed for unexpected death, violent/unnatural death, low educational level, low income, female gender, anxious attachment style, and death of a child or partner. Conclusions: An updated overview of risk factors for PGS is presented, including their predictive strength. The results offer knowledge that can aid prevention and early identification of people at risk of PGD.
KW - Meta-analysis
KW - Prolonged grief disorder
KW - Risk factors
KW - Systematic review
KW - Bereavement
KW - Grief
KW - Risk Assessment
KW - Humans
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Female
KW - Anxiety
KW - Child
U2 - 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102375
DO - 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102375
M3 - Review
C2 - 38181586
AN - SCOPUS:85182407376
SN - 0272-7358
VL - 107
JO - Clinical Psychology Review
JF - Clinical Psychology Review
M1 - 102375
ER -