Polygenic risk of mental disorders and subject-specific school grades

Oskar Hougaard Jefsen; Katrine Holde; John J McGrath; Veera Manikandan Rajagopal; Clara Albiñana; Bjarni Jóhann Vilhjálmsson; Jakob Grove; Esben Agerbo; Zeynep Yilmaz; Oleguer Plana-Ripoll; Trine Munk-Olsen; Ditte Demontis; Anders Børglum; Ole Mors; Cynthia M Bulik; Preben Bo Mortensen; Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020

Polygenic risk of mental disorders and subject-specific school grades

Oskar Hougaard Jefsen, Katrine Holde, John J McGrath, Veera Manikandan Rajagopal, Clara Albiñana, Bjarni Jóhann Vilhjálmsson, Jakob Grove, Esben Agerbo, Zeynep Yilmaz, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, Trine Munk-Olsen, Ditte Demontis, Anders Børglum, Ole Mors, Cynthia M Bulik, Preben Bo Mortensen, Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Education is essential for socioeconomic security and long-term mental health, however mental disorders are often detrimental to the educational trajectory. Genetic correlations between mental disorders and educational attainment do not always align with corresponding phenotypic associations, implying heterogeneity in the genetic overlap.

METHODS: We unraveled this heterogeneity by investigating associations between polygenic risk scores for six mental disorders and fine-grained school outcomes: school grades in language and mathematics in ninth grade and high school, as well as educational attainment by age 25, using nationwide-representative data from established cohorts (n = 79,489).

RESULTS: High polygenic liability of attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder was associated with lower grades in language and mathematics, whereas high polygenic risk of anorexia nervosa or bipolar disorder was associated with higher grades in language and mathematics. Associations between polygenic risk and school grades were mixed for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and neutral for autism spectrum disorder.

CONCLUSIONS: Polygenic risk scores for mental disorders are differentially associated with language and mathematics school grades.

Original language	English
Journal	Biological Psychiatry
Volume	96
Issue	3
Pages (from-to)	222-229
Number of pages	8
ISSN	0006-3223
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020
Publication status	Published - 1 Aug 2024

Keywords

Educational attainment
Language
Mathematics
Mental disorders
Polygenic risk scores
School performance

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10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020Licence: CC BY

1-s2.0-S0006322323017493-mainFinal published version, 234 KBLicence: CC BY

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Jefsen, O. H., Holde, K., McGrath, J. J., Rajagopal, V. M., Albiñana, C., Vilhjálmsson, B. J., Grove, J., Agerbo, E., Yilmaz, Z., Plana-Ripoll, O., Munk-Olsen, T., Demontis, D., Børglum, A., Mors, O., Bulik, C. M., Mortensen, P. B., & Petersen, L. V. (2024). Polygenic risk of mental disorders and subject-specific school grades. Biological Psychiatry, 96(3), 222-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020

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title = "Polygenic risk of mental disorders and subject-specific school grades",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Education is essential for socioeconomic security and long-term mental health, however mental disorders are often detrimental to the educational trajectory. Genetic correlations between mental disorders and educational attainment do not always align with corresponding phenotypic associations, implying heterogeneity in the genetic overlap.METHODS: We unraveled this heterogeneity by investigating associations between polygenic risk scores for six mental disorders and fine-grained school outcomes: school grades in language and mathematics in ninth grade and high school, as well as educational attainment by age 25, using nationwide-representative data from established cohorts (n = 79,489).RESULTS: High polygenic liability of attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder was associated with lower grades in language and mathematics, whereas high polygenic risk of anorexia nervosa or bipolar disorder was associated with higher grades in language and mathematics. Associations between polygenic risk and school grades were mixed for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and neutral for autism spectrum disorder.CONCLUSIONS: Polygenic risk scores for mental disorders are differentially associated with language and mathematics school grades.",

keywords = "Educational attainment, Language, Mathematics, Mental disorders, Polygenic risk scores, School performance",

author = "Jefsen, {Oskar Hougaard} and Katrine Holde and McGrath, {John J} and Rajagopal, {Veera Manikandan} and Clara Albi{\~n}ana and Vilhj{\'a}lmsson, {Bjarni J{\'o}hann} and Jakob Grove and Esben Agerbo and Zeynep Yilmaz and Oleguer Plana-Ripoll and Trine Munk-Olsen and Ditte Demontis and Anders B{\o}rglum and Ole Mors and Bulik, {Cynthia M} and Mortensen, {Preben Bo} and Petersen, {Liselotte Vogdrup}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2024",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020",

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Jefsen, OH , Holde, K , McGrath, JJ, Rajagopal, VM, Albiñana, C , Vilhjálmsson, BJ , Grove, J , Agerbo, E , Yilmaz, Z , Plana-Ripoll, O , Munk-Olsen, T , Demontis, D , Børglum, A , Mors, O, Bulik, CM, Mortensen, PB & Petersen, LV 2024, 'Polygenic risk of mental disorders and subject-specific school grades', Biological Psychiatry, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 222-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020

TY - JOUR

T1 - Polygenic risk of mental disorders and subject-specific school grades

AU - Jefsen, Oskar Hougaard

AU - Holde, Katrine

AU - McGrath, John J

AU - Rajagopal, Veera Manikandan

AU - Albiñana, Clara

AU - Vilhjálmsson, Bjarni Jóhann

AU - Grove, Jakob

AU - Agerbo, Esben

AU - Yilmaz, Zeynep

AU - Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer

AU - Munk-Olsen, Trine

AU - Demontis, Ditte

AU - Børglum, Anders

AU - Mors, Ole

AU - Bulik, Cynthia M

AU - Mortensen, Preben Bo

AU - Petersen, Liselotte Vogdrup

PY - 2024/8/1

Y1 - 2024/8/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Education is essential for socioeconomic security and long-term mental health, however mental disorders are often detrimental to the educational trajectory. Genetic correlations between mental disorders and educational attainment do not always align with corresponding phenotypic associations, implying heterogeneity in the genetic overlap.METHODS: We unraveled this heterogeneity by investigating associations between polygenic risk scores for six mental disorders and fine-grained school outcomes: school grades in language and mathematics in ninth grade and high school, as well as educational attainment by age 25, using nationwide-representative data from established cohorts (n = 79,489).RESULTS: High polygenic liability of attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder was associated with lower grades in language and mathematics, whereas high polygenic risk of anorexia nervosa or bipolar disorder was associated with higher grades in language and mathematics. Associations between polygenic risk and school grades were mixed for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and neutral for autism spectrum disorder.CONCLUSIONS: Polygenic risk scores for mental disorders are differentially associated with language and mathematics school grades.

AB - BACKGROUND: Education is essential for socioeconomic security and long-term mental health, however mental disorders are often detrimental to the educational trajectory. Genetic correlations between mental disorders and educational attainment do not always align with corresponding phenotypic associations, implying heterogeneity in the genetic overlap.METHODS: We unraveled this heterogeneity by investigating associations between polygenic risk scores for six mental disorders and fine-grained school outcomes: school grades in language and mathematics in ninth grade and high school, as well as educational attainment by age 25, using nationwide-representative data from established cohorts (n = 79,489).RESULTS: High polygenic liability of attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder was associated with lower grades in language and mathematics, whereas high polygenic risk of anorexia nervosa or bipolar disorder was associated with higher grades in language and mathematics. Associations between polygenic risk and school grades were mixed for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and neutral for autism spectrum disorder.CONCLUSIONS: Polygenic risk scores for mental disorders are differentially associated with language and mathematics school grades.

KW - Educational attainment

KW - Language

KW - Mathematics

KW - Mental disorders

KW - Polygenic risk scores

KW - School performance

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U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020

DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38061465

SN - 0006-3223

VL - 96

SP - 222

EP - 229

JO - Biological Psychiatry

JF - Biological Psychiatry

IS - 3

ER -

Polygenic risk of mental disorders and subject-specific school grades

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Keywords

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