Paradox in Practice: Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Prevalence and Reporting among Construction Workers in Kuwait and Denmark

TY - JOUR

T1 - Paradox in Practice

T2 - Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Prevalence and Reporting among Construction Workers in Kuwait and Denmark

AU - Al-Khiami, Mohamad Iyad

AU - Lindhard, Søren Munch

AU - Wandahl, Søren

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 American Society of Civil Engineers.

PY - 2025/7/1

Y1 - 2025/7/1

N2 - Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a significant health issue among construction workers, with prevalence influenced by factors such as personal demographics, exposure to work risk factors, and working conditions. This study addresses a research gap by comparing WMSD prevalence between Kuwait and Denmark; two countries with contrasting working conditions. Data were collected from 117 workers in Kuwait and 47 in Denmark using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Results showed that 78.72% of Danish workers reported discomfort in at least one body part compared to 52.14% in Kuwait, despite Denmark's comparatively better working conditions. Additionally, absenteeism due to WMSDs was higher in Denmark (29.79%) than in Kuwait (9.40%). This paradoxical finding led to further analysis using logistic regression that indicated country was a significant predictor of WMSD reporting (OR=3.38, p<0.05), with Danish workers being substantially more likely to report WMSDs than their Kuwaiti counterparts. This suggested potential underreporting in Kuwait, prompting an investigation into organizational, economic, and cultural factors that may influence reporting behaviors. Specifically, Kuwait's high power distance and uncertainty avoidance may contribute to miscommunication and underreporting, while Denmark's individualistic culture encourages transparency. This study makes two primary contributions to the construction engineering and management body of knowledge by: (1) providing the first cross cultural analysis of WMSD prevalence between Gulf Cooperation Council and Nordic construction sectors, and (2) demonstrating that country factors - likely cultural in nature - are stronger predictors of WMSD reporting than individual worker personal demographics. For Kuwait, this implies a need for improved reporting systems, greater worker empowerment, and enhanced working conditions, while Denmark would benefit from a focus on strengthening preventive measures. Future research should further explore the role of cultural influences on WMSD reporting. This study underscores the importance of culturally informed approaches in developing effective workplace health and safety strategies.

AB - Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a significant health issue among construction workers, with prevalence influenced by factors such as personal demographics, exposure to work risk factors, and working conditions. This study addresses a research gap by comparing WMSD prevalence between Kuwait and Denmark; two countries with contrasting working conditions. Data were collected from 117 workers in Kuwait and 47 in Denmark using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Results showed that 78.72% of Danish workers reported discomfort in at least one body part compared to 52.14% in Kuwait, despite Denmark's comparatively better working conditions. Additionally, absenteeism due to WMSDs was higher in Denmark (29.79%) than in Kuwait (9.40%). This paradoxical finding led to further analysis using logistic regression that indicated country was a significant predictor of WMSD reporting (OR=3.38, p<0.05), with Danish workers being substantially more likely to report WMSDs than their Kuwaiti counterparts. This suggested potential underreporting in Kuwait, prompting an investigation into organizational, economic, and cultural factors that may influence reporting behaviors. Specifically, Kuwait's high power distance and uncertainty avoidance may contribute to miscommunication and underreporting, while Denmark's individualistic culture encourages transparency. This study makes two primary contributions to the construction engineering and management body of knowledge by: (1) providing the first cross cultural analysis of WMSD prevalence between Gulf Cooperation Council and Nordic construction sectors, and (2) demonstrating that country factors - likely cultural in nature - are stronger predictors of WMSD reporting than individual worker personal demographics. For Kuwait, this implies a need for improved reporting systems, greater worker empowerment, and enhanced working conditions, while Denmark would benefit from a focus on strengthening preventive measures. Future research should further explore the role of cultural influences on WMSD reporting. This study underscores the importance of culturally informed approaches in developing effective workplace health and safety strategies.

KW - Cross cultural analysis

KW - Health reporting behavior

KW - Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire

KW - Occupational health

KW - Risk factors

KW - Workforce demographics

KW - Working conditions

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105003719674&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-15899

DO - 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-15899

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:105003719674

SN - 0733-9364

VL - 151

JO - Journal of Construction Engineering and Management

JF - Journal of Construction Engineering and Management

IS - 7

M1 - 04025078

ER -