Observation of interlayer plasmon polaron in graphene/WS2 heterostructures

Søren Ulstrup; Yann in ’t Veld; Jill A. Miwa; Alfred J.H. Jones; Kathleen M. McCreary; Jeremy T. Robinson; Berend T. Jonker; Simranjeet Singh; Roland J. Koch; Eli Rotenberg; Aaron Bostwick; Chris Jozwiak; Malte Rösner; Jyoti Katoch

doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48186-4

Observation of interlayer plasmon polaron in graphene/WS₂ heterostructures

Søren Ulstrup^*
, Yann in ’t Veld
, Jill A. Miwa
, Alfred J.H. Jones
, Kathleen M. McCreary
, Jeremy T. Robinson
, Berend T. Jonker
, Simranjeet Singh
, Roland J. Koch
, Eli Rotenberg
, Aaron Bostwick
, Chris Jozwiak
, Malte Rösner^*
, Jyoti Katoch^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

14 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Harnessing electronic excitations involving coherent coupling to bosonic modes is essential for the design and control of emergent phenomena in quantum materials. In situations where charge carriers induce a lattice distortion due to the electron-phonon interaction, the conducting states get “dressed", which leads to the formation of polaronic quasiparticles. The exploration of polaronic effects on low-energy excitations is in its infancy in two-dimensional materials. Here, we present the discovery of an interlayer plasmon polaron in heterostructures composed of graphene on top of single-layer WS₂. By using micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy during in situ doping of the top graphene layer, we observe a strong quasiparticle peak accompanied by several carrier density-dependent shake-off replicas around the single-layer WS₂ conduction band minimum. Our results are explained by an effective many-body model in terms of a coupling between single-layer WS₂ conduction electrons and an interlayer plasmon mode. It is important to take into account the presence of such interlayer collective modes, as they have profound consequences for the electronic and optical properties of heterostructures that are routinely explored in many device architectures involving 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.

Original language	English
Article number	3845
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	15
Issue	1
ISSN	2041-1723
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48186-4
Publication status	Published - May 2024

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Ulstrup, S., in ’t Veld, Y., Miwa, J. A., Jones, A. J. H., McCreary, K. M., Robinson, J. T., Jonker, B. T., Singh, S., Koch, R. J., Rotenberg, E., Bostwick, A., Jozwiak, C., Rösner, M., & Katoch, J. (2024). Observation of interlayer plasmon polaron in graphene/WS₂ heterostructures. Nature Communications, 15(1), Article 3845. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48186-4

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title = "Observation of interlayer plasmon polaron in graphene/WS2 heterostructures",

abstract = "Harnessing electronic excitations involving coherent coupling to bosonic modes is essential for the design and control of emergent phenomena in quantum materials. In situations where charge carriers induce a lattice distortion due to the electron-phonon interaction, the conducting states get “dressed{"}, which leads to the formation of polaronic quasiparticles. The exploration of polaronic effects on low-energy excitations is in its infancy in two-dimensional materials. Here, we present the discovery of an interlayer plasmon polaron in heterostructures composed of graphene on top of single-layer WS2. By using micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy during in situ doping of the top graphene layer, we observe a strong quasiparticle peak accompanied by several carrier density-dependent shake-off replicas around the single-layer WS2 conduction band minimum. Our results are explained by an effective many-body model in terms of a coupling between single-layer WS2 conduction electrons and an interlayer plasmon mode. It is important to take into account the presence of such interlayer collective modes, as they have profound consequences for the electronic and optical properties of heterostructures that are routinely explored in many device architectures involving 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.",

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AU - Ulstrup, Søren

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AU - Miwa, Jill A.

AU - Jones, Alfred J.H.

AU - McCreary, Kathleen M.

AU - Robinson, Jeremy T.

AU - Jonker, Berend T.

AU - Singh, Simranjeet

AU - Koch, Roland J.

AU - Rotenberg, Eli

AU - Bostwick, Aaron

AU - Jozwiak, Chris

AU - Rösner, Malte

AU - Katoch, Jyoti

PY - 2024/5

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N2 - Harnessing electronic excitations involving coherent coupling to bosonic modes is essential for the design and control of emergent phenomena in quantum materials. In situations where charge carriers induce a lattice distortion due to the electron-phonon interaction, the conducting states get “dressed", which leads to the formation of polaronic quasiparticles. The exploration of polaronic effects on low-energy excitations is in its infancy in two-dimensional materials. Here, we present the discovery of an interlayer plasmon polaron in heterostructures composed of graphene on top of single-layer WS2. By using micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy during in situ doping of the top graphene layer, we observe a strong quasiparticle peak accompanied by several carrier density-dependent shake-off replicas around the single-layer WS2 conduction band minimum. Our results are explained by an effective many-body model in terms of a coupling between single-layer WS2 conduction electrons and an interlayer plasmon mode. It is important to take into account the presence of such interlayer collective modes, as they have profound consequences for the electronic and optical properties of heterostructures that are routinely explored in many device architectures involving 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.

AB - Harnessing electronic excitations involving coherent coupling to bosonic modes is essential for the design and control of emergent phenomena in quantum materials. In situations where charge carriers induce a lattice distortion due to the electron-phonon interaction, the conducting states get “dressed", which leads to the formation of polaronic quasiparticles. The exploration of polaronic effects on low-energy excitations is in its infancy in two-dimensional materials. Here, we present the discovery of an interlayer plasmon polaron in heterostructures composed of graphene on top of single-layer WS2. By using micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy during in situ doping of the top graphene layer, we observe a strong quasiparticle peak accompanied by several carrier density-dependent shake-off replicas around the single-layer WS2 conduction band minimum. Our results are explained by an effective many-body model in terms of a coupling between single-layer WS2 conduction electrons and an interlayer plasmon mode. It is important to take into account the presence of such interlayer collective modes, as they have profound consequences for the electronic and optical properties of heterostructures that are routinely explored in many device architectures involving 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.

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