Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress

Michael Moustakas; Emmanuel Panteris; Julietta Moustaka; Tuğba Aydın; Gülriz Bayçu; Ilektra Sperdouli

doi:10.3390/ijms25126721

Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress

Michael Moustakas, Emmanuel Panteris, Julietta Moustaka, Tuğba Aydın, Gülriz Bayçu, Ilektra Sperdouli^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Food Science - Plant, Food & Sustainability

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Water deficit is the major stress factor magnified by climate change that causes the most reductions in plant productivity. Knowledge of photosystem II (PSII) response mechanisms underlying crop vulnerability to drought is critical to better understanding the consequences of climate change on crop plants. Salicylic acid (SA) application under drought stress may stimulate PSII function, although the exact mechanism remains essentially unclear. To reveal the PSII response mechanism of celery plants sprayed with water (WA) or SA, we employed chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis at 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h after watering. The results showed that up to 96 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves appeared dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to WA-sprayed plants, which displayed a better PSII function. However, 192 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves was restored, while SA boosted chlorophyll synthesis, and by ameliorating the osmotic potential of celery plants, it resulted in higher relative leaf water content compared to WA-sprayed plants. SA, by acting as an antioxidant under drought stress, suppressed phototoxicity, thereby offering PSII photoprotection, together with enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Φ_PSII) and decreased quantity of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generation compared to WA-sprayed plants. The PSII photoprotection mechanism induced by SA under drought stress was triggered by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is a strategy to protect the chloroplast from photo-oxidative damage by dissipating the excess light energy as heat. This photoprotective mechanism, triggered by NPQ under drought stress, was adequate in keeping, especially in high-light conditions, an equal fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) as of non-stress conditions. Thus, under water deficit stress, SA activates a regulatory network of stress and light energy partitioning signaling that can mitigate, to an extent, the water deficit stress on PSII functioning.

Original language	English
Article number	6721
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Volume	25
Issue	12
ISSN	1661-6596
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126721
Publication status	Published - Jun 2024

Keywords

chlorophyll fluorescence imaging
chloroplast ultrastructure
drought
electron transport rate
photochemical quenching
photoprotective heat dissipation
singlet oxygen

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10.3390/ijms25126721

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title = "Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress",

abstract = "Water deficit is the major stress factor magnified by climate change that causes the most reductions in plant productivity. Knowledge of photosystem II (PSII) response mechanisms underlying crop vulnerability to drought is critical to better understanding the consequences of climate change on crop plants. Salicylic acid (SA) application under drought stress may stimulate PSII function, although the exact mechanism remains essentially unclear. To reveal the PSII response mechanism of celery plants sprayed with water (WA) or SA, we employed chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis at 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h after watering. The results showed that up to 96 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves appeared dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to WA-sprayed plants, which displayed a better PSII function. However, 192 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves was restored, while SA boosted chlorophyll synthesis, and by ameliorating the osmotic potential of celery plants, it resulted in higher relative leaf water content compared to WA-sprayed plants. SA, by acting as an antioxidant under drought stress, suppressed phototoxicity, thereby offering PSII photoprotection, together with enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and decreased quantity of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation compared to WA-sprayed plants. The PSII photoprotection mechanism induced by SA under drought stress was triggered by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is a strategy to protect the chloroplast from photo-oxidative damage by dissipating the excess light energy as heat. This photoprotective mechanism, triggered by NPQ under drought stress, was adequate in keeping, especially in high-light conditions, an equal fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) as of non-stress conditions. Thus, under water deficit stress, SA activates a regulatory network of stress and light energy partitioning signaling that can mitigate, to an extent, the water deficit stress on PSII functioning.",

keywords = "chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, chloroplast ultrastructure, drought, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching, photoprotective heat dissipation, singlet oxygen",

author = "Michael Moustakas and Emmanuel Panteris and Julietta Moustaka and Tuğba Aydın and G{\"u}lriz Bay{\c c}u and Ilektra Sperdouli",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 by the authors.",

year = "2024",

month = jun,

doi = "10.3390/ijms25126721",

language = "English",

volume = "25",

journal = "International Journal of Molecular Sciences ",

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Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress. / Moustakas, Michael; Panteris, Emmanuel; Moustaka, Julietta et al.
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences , Vol. 25, No. 12, 6721, 06.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress

AU - Moustakas, Michael

AU - Panteris, Emmanuel

AU - Moustaka, Julietta

AU - Aydın, Tuğba

AU - Bayçu, Gülriz

AU - Sperdouli, Ilektra

PY - 2024/6

Y1 - 2024/6

N2 - Water deficit is the major stress factor magnified by climate change that causes the most reductions in plant productivity. Knowledge of photosystem II (PSII) response mechanisms underlying crop vulnerability to drought is critical to better understanding the consequences of climate change on crop plants. Salicylic acid (SA) application under drought stress may stimulate PSII function, although the exact mechanism remains essentially unclear. To reveal the PSII response mechanism of celery plants sprayed with water (WA) or SA, we employed chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis at 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h after watering. The results showed that up to 96 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves appeared dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to WA-sprayed plants, which displayed a better PSII function. However, 192 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves was restored, while SA boosted chlorophyll synthesis, and by ameliorating the osmotic potential of celery plants, it resulted in higher relative leaf water content compared to WA-sprayed plants. SA, by acting as an antioxidant under drought stress, suppressed phototoxicity, thereby offering PSII photoprotection, together with enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and decreased quantity of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation compared to WA-sprayed plants. The PSII photoprotection mechanism induced by SA under drought stress was triggered by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is a strategy to protect the chloroplast from photo-oxidative damage by dissipating the excess light energy as heat. This photoprotective mechanism, triggered by NPQ under drought stress, was adequate in keeping, especially in high-light conditions, an equal fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) as of non-stress conditions. Thus, under water deficit stress, SA activates a regulatory network of stress and light energy partitioning signaling that can mitigate, to an extent, the water deficit stress on PSII functioning.

AB - Water deficit is the major stress factor magnified by climate change that causes the most reductions in plant productivity. Knowledge of photosystem II (PSII) response mechanisms underlying crop vulnerability to drought is critical to better understanding the consequences of climate change on crop plants. Salicylic acid (SA) application under drought stress may stimulate PSII function, although the exact mechanism remains essentially unclear. To reveal the PSII response mechanism of celery plants sprayed with water (WA) or SA, we employed chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis at 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h after watering. The results showed that up to 96 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves appeared dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to WA-sprayed plants, which displayed a better PSII function. However, 192 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves was restored, while SA boosted chlorophyll synthesis, and by ameliorating the osmotic potential of celery plants, it resulted in higher relative leaf water content compared to WA-sprayed plants. SA, by acting as an antioxidant under drought stress, suppressed phototoxicity, thereby offering PSII photoprotection, together with enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and decreased quantity of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation compared to WA-sprayed plants. The PSII photoprotection mechanism induced by SA under drought stress was triggered by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is a strategy to protect the chloroplast from photo-oxidative damage by dissipating the excess light energy as heat. This photoprotective mechanism, triggered by NPQ under drought stress, was adequate in keeping, especially in high-light conditions, an equal fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) as of non-stress conditions. Thus, under water deficit stress, SA activates a regulatory network of stress and light energy partitioning signaling that can mitigate, to an extent, the water deficit stress on PSII functioning.

KW - chlorophyll fluorescence imaging

KW - chloroplast ultrastructure

KW - drought

KW - electron transport rate

KW - photochemical quenching

KW - photoprotective heat dissipation

KW - singlet oxygen

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U2 - 10.3390/ijms25126721

DO - 10.3390/ijms25126721

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38928427

AN - SCOPUS:85197159868

SN - 1661-6596

VL - 25

JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

IS - 12

M1 - 6721

ER -

Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress

Abstract

Keywords

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