Faculty of Natural Sciences

TY - JOUR

T1 - Microbial community assembly in marine sediments

AU - Petro, Caitlin

AU - Starnawski, Piotr

AU - Schramm, Andreas

AU - Kjeldsen, Kasper U.

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - Marine sediments are densely populated by diverse communities of archaea and bacteria, with intact cells detected kilometers below the seafloor. Analyses of microbial diversity in these unique environments have identified several dominant taxa that comprise a significant portion of the community in geographically and environmentally disparate locations. While the distributions of these populations are well documented, there is significantly less information describing the means by which such specialized communities assemble within the sediment column. Here, we review known patterns of subsurface microbial community composition and perform a meta-analysis of publicly available 16S rRNA gene datasets collected from 9 locations at depths from 1 cm to >2 km below the surface. All data are discussed in relation to the 4 major processes of microbial community assembly: diversification, dispersal, selection, and drift. Microbial diversity in the subsurface decreases with depth on a global scale. The transition from the seafloor to the deep subsurface biosphere is marked by a filtering of populations from the surface that leaves only a subset of taxa to populate the deeper sediment zones, indicating that selection is a main mechanism of community assembly. The physiological underpinnings for the success of these persisting taxa are largely unknown, as the majority of them lack cultured representatives. Ecological explanations for the observed trends are presented, including the possible influence of energy depletion and the physiological basis of major taxonomic shifts.

AB - Marine sediments are densely populated by diverse communities of archaea and bacteria, with intact cells detected kilometers below the seafloor. Analyses of microbial diversity in these unique environments have identified several dominant taxa that comprise a significant portion of the community in geographically and environmentally disparate locations. While the distributions of these populations are well documented, there is significantly less information describing the means by which such specialized communities assemble within the sediment column. Here, we review known patterns of subsurface microbial community composition and perform a meta-analysis of publicly available 16S rRNA gene datasets collected from 9 locations at depths from 1 cm to >2 km below the surface. All data are discussed in relation to the 4 major processes of microbial community assembly: diversification, dispersal, selection, and drift. Microbial diversity in the subsurface decreases with depth on a global scale. The transition from the seafloor to the deep subsurface biosphere is marked by a filtering of populations from the surface that leaves only a subset of taxa to populate the deeper sediment zones, indicating that selection is a main mechanism of community assembly. The physiological underpinnings for the success of these persisting taxa are largely unknown, as the majority of them lack cultured representatives. Ecological explanations for the observed trends are presented, including the possible influence of energy depletion and the physiological basis of major taxonomic shifts.

KW - 16S rRNA

KW - Archaea

KW - Bacteria

KW - Marine sediment

KW - Microbial diversity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021091448&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3354/ame01826

DO - 10.3354/ame01826

M3 - Review

AN - SCOPUS:85021091448

VL - 79

SP - 177

EP - 195

JO - Aquatic Microbial Ecology

JF - Aquatic Microbial Ecology

SN - 0948-3055

IS - 3

ER -