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The ejection fraction of the trabeculated cardiac ventricle of reptiles has not previously been measured. Here, we used the gold standard clinical methodology - electrocardiogram-gated flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - to validate stroke volume measurements and end diastolic ventricular blood volume. This produced an estimate of ejection fraction in our study species, the red footed tortoise Chelonoidis carbonarius (n=5), under isoflurane anaesthesia of 88 +/- 11%. After reduction of the prevailing right-to-left intraventricular shunt through the action of atropine, the ejection fraction was 96 +/- 6%. This methodology opens new avenues for studying the complex hearts of ectotherms, and validating hypotheses on the function of a more highly trabeculated heart than that of endotherms, which have lower ejection fractions.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 206714 |
Journal | The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Volume | 222 |
Issue | 18 |
Number of pages | 6 |
ISSN | 0022-0949 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2019 |
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