Ketogenic Diet and Cardiac Substrate Metabolism

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ketogenic Diet and Cardiac Substrate Metabolism

AU - Luong, Thien Vinh

AU - Abild, Caroline Bruun

AU - Bangshaab, Maj

AU - Gormsen, Lars Christian

AU - Søndergaard, Esben

PY - 2022/4/1

Y1 - 2022/4/1

N2 - The ketogenic diet (KD) entails a high intake of fat, moderate intake of protein, and a very limited intake of carbohydrates. Ketogenic dieting has been proposed as an effective intervention for type 2 diabetes and obesity since glycemic control is improved and sustained weight loss can be achieved. Interestingly, hyperketonemia is also associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, possibly caused by improved cardiac energetics and reduced oxygen use. Therefore, the KD has the potential to both treat and prevent cardiovascular disease. However, the KD has some adverse effects that could counteract the beneficial cardiovascular properties. Of these, hyperlipidemia with elevation of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels are the most important. In addition, poor diet adherence and lack of knowledge regarding long-term effects may also reduce the broader applicability of the KD. The objective of this narrative review is to provide insights into the KD and its effects on myocardial ketone body utilization and, consequently, cardiovascular health.

AB - The ketogenic diet (KD) entails a high intake of fat, moderate intake of protein, and a very limited intake of carbohydrates. Ketogenic dieting has been proposed as an effective intervention for type 2 diabetes and obesity since glycemic control is improved and sustained weight loss can be achieved. Interestingly, hyperketonemia is also associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, possibly caused by improved cardiac energetics and reduced oxygen use. Therefore, the KD has the potential to both treat and prevent cardiovascular disease. However, the KD has some adverse effects that could counteract the beneficial cardiovascular properties. Of these, hyperlipidemia with elevation of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels are the most important. In addition, poor diet adherence and lack of knowledge regarding long-term effects may also reduce the broader applicability of the KD. The objective of this narrative review is to provide insights into the KD and its effects on myocardial ketone body utilization and, consequently, cardiovascular health.

KW - Diabetic cardiomyopathy

KW - Heart

KW - Heart failure

KW - Ketogenic diet

KW - Ketone bodies

KW - Metabolism

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126991755&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/nu14071322

DO - 10.3390/nu14071322

M3 - Review

C2 - 35405935

SN - 2072-6643

VL - 14

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

IS - 7

M1 - 1322

ER -