@article{8398a229e1824aec84e7f7801fb5a582,
title = "Investigating phenotypic traits as potential drivers of the emergence of EU_37_A2, an invasive new lineage of Phytophthora infestans in Western Europe",
abstract = "Since the mid-2010s, Phytophthora infestans clones that have been dominant in Western Europe from the beginning of the 21st century, for example, EU_13_A2, EU_6_A1 and EU_1_A1, are being replaced by several other emerging clones, including EU_37_A2. The objective of this study was to determine whether the main drivers for the success of EU_37_A2 in Western Europe are associated with decreased fungicide sensitivity, increased virulence and/or aggressiveness. Axenic P. infestans cultures were sampled in the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons from potato crops in France and the United Kingdom. Amongst these, four genotypes were identified: EU_37_A2, EU_13_A2, EU_1_A1 and EU_6_A1. Although a wide range of fluazinam sensitivity was found amongst individual isolates, clonal lines EU_13_A2 and EU_37_A2 showed decreased sensitivity to fluazinam. EU_37_A2 overcame the R5 differential cultivar more often than isolates of EU_1_A1 or EU_6_A1. However, this does not explain the competitive advantage of EU_37_A2 over the virulent EU_13_A2. The fittest genotype, as measured by aggressiveness under controlled conditions, was EU_6_A1, followed by EU_37_A2, EU_13_A2 and then EU_1_A1. EU_37_A2 isolates also showed a shorter latent period than either EU_6_A1 or EU_13_A2, which could favour its long-term persistence. Overall, the data suggest that the emergence of EU_37_A2 in Western Europe was driven by its resistance to a then-major fungicide and shorter generation time. This conclusion is further supported by the fact that EU_37_A2 emergence was slowed by the progressive reduction in the use of fluazinam as a single active ingredient in the years following its initial detection.",
keywords = "aggressiveness, fittest genotype, fluazinam, fungicide sensitivity, generation time, potato late blight",
author = "Britt Puidet and Romain Mabon and Michele Guibert and Riinu Kiiker and Kaire Loit and Le, {Vinh Hong} and H{\aa}vard Eikemo and Pauline Dewaegeneire and Guillaume Saubeau and Catherine Chatot and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique Aurousseau and Cooke, {David E.L.} and Lees, {Alison K.} and Abuley, {Isaac K.} and Hansen, {Jens G.} and Roselyne Corbi{\`e}re and Melen Leclerc and Neda Najdabbasi and Didier Andrivon",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the BrACySol Biological Resource Centre (INRAE Ploudaniel, France) for providing the differential set and Germicopa Breeding for distributing cv. Bintje seed tubers were used in this study. The study visit of BP to the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment was supported by the European Social Fund's Doctoral Studies and Internationalization Programme DoRa, carried out by the Foundation Archimedes. We thank Marika M{\"a}nd, Eve Runno‐Paurson, Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi and Liina Soonvald from the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Ragnhild N{\ae}rstad from the Syngenta Group, Albert Schirring and Daniela Portz from Bayer AG and Jadwiga {\'S}liwka from the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Poland for useful input in the preparation of the project, planning of the experiments, or technical support. We also thank members of the EuroBlight network for useful discussions on early presentations of these data. This study was supported by the Estonian Ministry of Rural Affairs (grant 8T150054PKTK), Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (project IUT36‐2) and the European Union, European Regional Development Fund (Estonian University of Life Sciences ASTRA project “Value‐chain based bio‐economy”); INRAE and The French Office for Biodiversity; the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark (Milj{\o}‐ og F{\o}devareministeriet project MST‐667‐00174); The Research Council of Norway (project number 259826); and the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS), as contributions to the project IPMBlight 2.0 selected in response to the call of ERANET C‐IPM (Coordination of Integrated Pest Management in Europe). The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 British Society for Plant Pathology.",
year = "2023",
month = may,
doi = "10.1111/ppa.13700",
language = "English",
volume = "72",
pages = "797--806",
journal = "Plant Pathology",
issn = "0032-0862",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "4",
}