Intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response in the muscle tissue of rats

Jessica Pingel; Alexander Pacolet; Betina Elfving; Litsa N. Ledri

doi:10.1177/20587392211039942

Intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response in the muscle tissue of rats

Jessica Pingel^*, Alexander Pacolet, Betina Elfving, Litsa N. Ledri

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Clinical Medicine - Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

Objectives The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an systemic inflammatory response and a local inflammatory response in the muscle tissue. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats treated with BoNT/A (i.m., 1IU) were divided in four groups, depending on the time of BoNT/A injection (2 days before, 1, 2, and 4 weeks before the experiment). Bio-Plex Pro Rat Cytokine 23-plex Multiplex Assay (Bio-Rad, USA). Results Systemic inflammation: 17 cytokines (IL1-alpha (p = 0.005), IL-1 beta (p = 0.01), IL-2 (p = 0.04), IL-4 (p = 0.03), IL-6 (p = 0.03), IL-10 (p = 0.02), IL12(p70) (p = 0.03), IL-13 (p = 0.04), IL-17 (p = 0.03), GM-CSF (p = 0.03), INF-gamma (p = 0.03), MIP-1 alpha (p = 0.03), MIP-3 alpha (p = 0.04), RANTES (p = 0.001), TNF-alpha (p = 0.04), vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.03), and MCP-1 (p = 0.02)) showed significantly higher expression levels 2 days after intramuscular BoNT/A injections compared to other time points (1, 2, and 4 weeks). Local inflammation: 12 cytokines (IL-1 beta (p = 0.02), IL-6 (p = 0.002), IL-10 (p = 0.02), IL-13 (p = 0.04), IL-17 (p = 0.02), TNF-alpha (p = 0.001), GM-CSF (p = 0.01), M-CSF (p = 0.04), MIP-1 alpha (p = 0.04), MIP-3 alpha (p = 0.002), RANTES (p = 0.02), and MCP-1(p = 0.004)) showed higher expression levels 2 and/or 4 weeks after intramuscular BoNT/A injections compared to the other time points (2 days and 1 week). Conclusion Intramuscular BoNT/A injections result in a rapid systemic inflammatory response that only lasts a couple of days. At the same time, intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response locally in the muscle with significantly higher cytokine levels 2 and/or 4 weeks after injections.

Original language	English
Journal	European journal of inflammation
Volume	19
Number of pages	10
ISSN	1721-727X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/20587392211039942
Publication status	Published - 2021

Keywords

BoNT
A
inflammation
cytokines
muscle
rat
BOTULINUM-TOXIN-A
GASTROCNEMIUS-MUSCLE
CEREBRAL-PALSY
PROTEIN BREAKDOWN
CHILDREN
ATROPHY
INTERLEUKIN-6
IMMUNIZATION
METABOLISM
INCREASE

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@article{9c5089d9d4f24a4e8f25925cf5545bdc,

title = "Intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response in the muscle tissue of rats",

abstract = "Objectives The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an systemic inflammatory response and a local inflammatory response in the muscle tissue. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats treated with BoNT/A (i.m., 1IU) were divided in four groups, depending on the time of BoNT/A injection (2 days before, 1, 2, and 4 weeks before the experiment). Bio-Plex Pro Rat Cytokine 23-plex Multiplex Assay (Bio-Rad, USA). Results Systemic inflammation: 17 cytokines (IL1-alpha (p = 0.005), IL-1 beta (p = 0.01), IL-2 (p = 0.04), IL-4 (p = 0.03), IL-6 (p = 0.03), IL-10 (p = 0.02), IL12(p70) (p = 0.03), IL-13 (p = 0.04), IL-17 (p = 0.03), GM-CSF (p = 0.03), INF-gamma (p = 0.03), MIP-1 alpha (p = 0.03), MIP-3 alpha (p = 0.04), RANTES (p = 0.001), TNF-alpha (p = 0.04), vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.03), and MCP-1 (p = 0.02)) showed significantly higher expression levels 2 days after intramuscular BoNT/A injections compared to other time points (1, 2, and 4 weeks). Local inflammation: 12 cytokines (IL-1 beta (p = 0.02), IL-6 (p = 0.002), IL-10 (p = 0.02), IL-13 (p = 0.04), IL-17 (p = 0.02), TNF-alpha (p = 0.001), GM-CSF (p = 0.01), M-CSF (p = 0.04), MIP-1 alpha (p = 0.04), MIP-3 alpha (p = 0.002), RANTES (p = 0.02), and MCP-1(p = 0.004)) showed higher expression levels 2 and/or 4 weeks after intramuscular BoNT/A injections compared to the other time points (2 days and 1 week). Conclusion Intramuscular BoNT/A injections result in a rapid systemic inflammatory response that only lasts a couple of days. At the same time, intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response locally in the muscle with significantly higher cytokine levels 2 and/or 4 weeks after injections.",

keywords = "BoNT, A, inflammation, cytokines, muscle, rat, BOTULINUM-TOXIN-A, GASTROCNEMIUS-MUSCLE, CEREBRAL-PALSY, PROTEIN BREAKDOWN, CHILDREN, ATROPHY, INTERLEUKIN-6, IMMUNIZATION, METABOLISM, INCREASE",

author = "Jessica Pingel and Alexander Pacolet and Betina Elfving and Ledri, {Litsa N.}",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1177/20587392211039942",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

journal = "European journal of inflammation",

issn = "1721-727X",

publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response in the muscle tissue of rats

AU - Pingel, Jessica

AU - Pacolet, Alexander

AU - Elfving, Betina

AU - Ledri, Litsa N.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Objectives The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an systemic inflammatory response and a local inflammatory response in the muscle tissue. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats treated with BoNT/A (i.m., 1IU) were divided in four groups, depending on the time of BoNT/A injection (2 days before, 1, 2, and 4 weeks before the experiment). Bio-Plex Pro Rat Cytokine 23-plex Multiplex Assay (Bio-Rad, USA). Results Systemic inflammation: 17 cytokines (IL1-alpha (p = 0.005), IL-1 beta (p = 0.01), IL-2 (p = 0.04), IL-4 (p = 0.03), IL-6 (p = 0.03), IL-10 (p = 0.02), IL12(p70) (p = 0.03), IL-13 (p = 0.04), IL-17 (p = 0.03), GM-CSF (p = 0.03), INF-gamma (p = 0.03), MIP-1 alpha (p = 0.03), MIP-3 alpha (p = 0.04), RANTES (p = 0.001), TNF-alpha (p = 0.04), vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.03), and MCP-1 (p = 0.02)) showed significantly higher expression levels 2 days after intramuscular BoNT/A injections compared to other time points (1, 2, and 4 weeks). Local inflammation: 12 cytokines (IL-1 beta (p = 0.02), IL-6 (p = 0.002), IL-10 (p = 0.02), IL-13 (p = 0.04), IL-17 (p = 0.02), TNF-alpha (p = 0.001), GM-CSF (p = 0.01), M-CSF (p = 0.04), MIP-1 alpha (p = 0.04), MIP-3 alpha (p = 0.002), RANTES (p = 0.02), and MCP-1(p = 0.004)) showed higher expression levels 2 and/or 4 weeks after intramuscular BoNT/A injections compared to the other time points (2 days and 1 week). Conclusion Intramuscular BoNT/A injections result in a rapid systemic inflammatory response that only lasts a couple of days. At the same time, intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response locally in the muscle with significantly higher cytokine levels 2 and/or 4 weeks after injections.

AB - Objectives The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an systemic inflammatory response and a local inflammatory response in the muscle tissue. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats treated with BoNT/A (i.m., 1IU) were divided in four groups, depending on the time of BoNT/A injection (2 days before, 1, 2, and 4 weeks before the experiment). Bio-Plex Pro Rat Cytokine 23-plex Multiplex Assay (Bio-Rad, USA). Results Systemic inflammation: 17 cytokines (IL1-alpha (p = 0.005), IL-1 beta (p = 0.01), IL-2 (p = 0.04), IL-4 (p = 0.03), IL-6 (p = 0.03), IL-10 (p = 0.02), IL12(p70) (p = 0.03), IL-13 (p = 0.04), IL-17 (p = 0.03), GM-CSF (p = 0.03), INF-gamma (p = 0.03), MIP-1 alpha (p = 0.03), MIP-3 alpha (p = 0.04), RANTES (p = 0.001), TNF-alpha (p = 0.04), vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.03), and MCP-1 (p = 0.02)) showed significantly higher expression levels 2 days after intramuscular BoNT/A injections compared to other time points (1, 2, and 4 weeks). Local inflammation: 12 cytokines (IL-1 beta (p = 0.02), IL-6 (p = 0.002), IL-10 (p = 0.02), IL-13 (p = 0.04), IL-17 (p = 0.02), TNF-alpha (p = 0.001), GM-CSF (p = 0.01), M-CSF (p = 0.04), MIP-1 alpha (p = 0.04), MIP-3 alpha (p = 0.002), RANTES (p = 0.02), and MCP-1(p = 0.004)) showed higher expression levels 2 and/or 4 weeks after intramuscular BoNT/A injections compared to the other time points (2 days and 1 week). Conclusion Intramuscular BoNT/A injections result in a rapid systemic inflammatory response that only lasts a couple of days. At the same time, intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response locally in the muscle with significantly higher cytokine levels 2 and/or 4 weeks after injections.

KW - BoNT

KW - A

KW - inflammation

KW - cytokines

KW - muscle

KW - rat

KW - BOTULINUM-TOXIN-A

KW - GASTROCNEMIUS-MUSCLE

KW - CEREBRAL-PALSY

KW - PROTEIN BREAKDOWN

KW - CHILDREN

KW - ATROPHY

KW - INTERLEUKIN-6

KW - IMMUNIZATION

KW - METABOLISM

KW - INCREASE

U2 - 10.1177/20587392211039942

DO - 10.1177/20587392211039942

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1721-727X

VL - 19

JO - European journal of inflammation

JF - European journal of inflammation

ER -

Intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause an inflammatory response in the muscle tissue of rats

Abstract

Keywords

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