Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study

Natalie M Papini; Emily Presseller; Cynthia M Bulik; Katrine Holde; Janne T Larsen; Laura M Thornton; Clara Albiñana; Bjarni J Vilhjálmsson; Preben B Mortensen; Zeynep Yilmaz; Liselotte V Petersen

doi:10.1017/S0033291724000175

Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study

Natalie M Papini, Emily Presseller, Cynthia M Bulik, Katrine Holde, Janne T Larsen, Laura M Thornton, Clara Albiñana, Bjarni J Vilhjálmsson, Preben B Mortensen, Zeynep Yilmaz, Liselotte V Petersen

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although several types of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) have been identified, including birth-related factors, somatic, and psychosocial risk factors, their interplay with genetic susceptibility remains unclear. Genetic and epidemiological interplay in AN risk were examined using data from Danish nationwide registers. AN polygenic risk score (PRS) and risk factor associations, confounding from AN PRS and/or parental psychiatric history on the association between the risk factors and AN risk, and interactions between AN PRS and each level of target risk factor on AN risk were estimated.

METHODS: Participants were individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008 including nationwide-representative data from the iPSYCH2015, and Danish AN cases from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative and Eating Disorder Genetics Initiative cohorts. A total of 7003 individuals with AN and 45 229 individuals without a registered AN diagnosis were included. We included 22 AN risk factors from Danish registers.

RESULTS: Risk factors showing association with PRS for AN included urbanicity, parental ages, genitourinary tract infection, and parental socioeconomic factors. Risk factors showed the expected association to AN risk, and this association was only slightly attenuated when adjusted for parental history of psychiatric disorders or/and for the AN PRS. The interaction analyses revealed a differential effect of AN PRS according to the level of the following risk factors: sex, maternal age, genitourinary tract infection, C-section, parental socioeconomic factors and psychiatric history.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence for interactions between AN PRS and certain risk-factors, illustrating potential diverse risk pathways to AN diagnosis.

Original language	English
Journal	Psychological Medicine
Volume	54
Issue	9
Pages (from-to)	2073-2086
Number of pages	14
ISSN	0033-2917
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724000175
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2024

Keywords

anorexia nervosa
epidemiology
genetics

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10.1017/S0033291724000175

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Papini, N. M., Presseller, E., Bulik, C. M., Holde, K., Larsen, J. T., Thornton, L. M., Albiñana, C., Vilhjálmsson, B. J., Mortensen, P. B., Yilmaz, Z., & Petersen, L. V. (2024). Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study. Psychological Medicine, 54(9), 2073-2086. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724000175

@article{bba3644f7b6541b3b80e6e9f4be8e303,

title = "Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Although several types of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) have been identified, including birth-related factors, somatic, and psychosocial risk factors, their interplay with genetic susceptibility remains unclear. Genetic and epidemiological interplay in AN risk were examined using data from Danish nationwide registers. AN polygenic risk score (PRS) and risk factor associations, confounding from AN PRS and/or parental psychiatric history on the association between the risk factors and AN risk, and interactions between AN PRS and each level of target risk factor on AN risk were estimated.METHODS: Participants were individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008 including nationwide-representative data from the iPSYCH2015, and Danish AN cases from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative and Eating Disorder Genetics Initiative cohorts. A total of 7003 individuals with AN and 45 229 individuals without a registered AN diagnosis were included. We included 22 AN risk factors from Danish registers.RESULTS: Risk factors showing association with PRS for AN included urbanicity, parental ages, genitourinary tract infection, and parental socioeconomic factors. Risk factors showed the expected association to AN risk, and this association was only slightly attenuated when adjusted for parental history of psychiatric disorders or/and for the AN PRS. The interaction analyses revealed a differential effect of AN PRS according to the level of the following risk factors: sex, maternal age, genitourinary tract infection, C-section, parental socioeconomic factors and psychiatric history.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence for interactions between AN PRS and certain risk-factors, illustrating potential diverse risk pathways to AN diagnosis.",

keywords = "anorexia nervosa, epidemiology, genetics",

author = "Papini, {Natalie M} and Emily Presseller and Bulik, {Cynthia M} and Katrine Holde and Larsen, {Janne T} and Thornton, {Laura M} and Clara Albi{\~n}ana and Vilhj{\'a}lmsson, {Bjarni J} and Mortensen, {Preben B} and Zeynep Yilmaz and Petersen, {Liselotte V}",

year = "2024",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1017/S0033291724000175",

language = "English",

volume = "54",

pages = "2073--2086",

journal = "Psychological Medicine",

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Papini, NM, Presseller, E, Bulik, CM, Holde, K , Larsen, JT, Thornton, LM, Albiñana, C , Vilhjálmsson, BJ , Mortensen, PB , Yilmaz, Z & Petersen, LV 2024, 'Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study', Psychological Medicine, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 2073-2086. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724000175

Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study. / Papini, Natalie M; Presseller, Emily; Bulik, Cynthia M et al.
In: Psychological Medicine, Vol. 54, No. 9, 01.07.2024, p. 2073-2086.

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk

T2 - a nationwide study

AU - Papini, Natalie M

AU - Presseller, Emily

AU - Bulik, Cynthia M

AU - Holde, Katrine

AU - Larsen, Janne T

AU - Thornton, Laura M

AU - Albiñana, Clara

AU - Vilhjálmsson, Bjarni J

AU - Mortensen, Preben B

AU - Yilmaz, Zeynep

AU - Petersen, Liselotte V

PY - 2024/7/1

Y1 - 2024/7/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Although several types of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) have been identified, including birth-related factors, somatic, and psychosocial risk factors, their interplay with genetic susceptibility remains unclear. Genetic and epidemiological interplay in AN risk were examined using data from Danish nationwide registers. AN polygenic risk score (PRS) and risk factor associations, confounding from AN PRS and/or parental psychiatric history on the association between the risk factors and AN risk, and interactions between AN PRS and each level of target risk factor on AN risk were estimated.METHODS: Participants were individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008 including nationwide-representative data from the iPSYCH2015, and Danish AN cases from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative and Eating Disorder Genetics Initiative cohorts. A total of 7003 individuals with AN and 45 229 individuals without a registered AN diagnosis were included. We included 22 AN risk factors from Danish registers.RESULTS: Risk factors showing association with PRS for AN included urbanicity, parental ages, genitourinary tract infection, and parental socioeconomic factors. Risk factors showed the expected association to AN risk, and this association was only slightly attenuated when adjusted for parental history of psychiatric disorders or/and for the AN PRS. The interaction analyses revealed a differential effect of AN PRS according to the level of the following risk factors: sex, maternal age, genitourinary tract infection, C-section, parental socioeconomic factors and psychiatric history.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence for interactions between AN PRS and certain risk-factors, illustrating potential diverse risk pathways to AN diagnosis.

AB - BACKGROUND: Although several types of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) have been identified, including birth-related factors, somatic, and psychosocial risk factors, their interplay with genetic susceptibility remains unclear. Genetic and epidemiological interplay in AN risk were examined using data from Danish nationwide registers. AN polygenic risk score (PRS) and risk factor associations, confounding from AN PRS and/or parental psychiatric history on the association between the risk factors and AN risk, and interactions between AN PRS and each level of target risk factor on AN risk were estimated.METHODS: Participants were individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008 including nationwide-representative data from the iPSYCH2015, and Danish AN cases from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative and Eating Disorder Genetics Initiative cohorts. A total of 7003 individuals with AN and 45 229 individuals without a registered AN diagnosis were included. We included 22 AN risk factors from Danish registers.RESULTS: Risk factors showing association with PRS for AN included urbanicity, parental ages, genitourinary tract infection, and parental socioeconomic factors. Risk factors showed the expected association to AN risk, and this association was only slightly attenuated when adjusted for parental history of psychiatric disorders or/and for the AN PRS. The interaction analyses revealed a differential effect of AN PRS according to the level of the following risk factors: sex, maternal age, genitourinary tract infection, C-section, parental socioeconomic factors and psychiatric history.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence for interactions between AN PRS and certain risk-factors, illustrating potential diverse risk pathways to AN diagnosis.

KW - anorexia nervosa

KW - epidemiology

KW - genetics

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85187286461&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1017/S0033291724000175

DO - 10.1017/S0033291724000175

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38347808

SN - 0033-2917

VL - 54

SP - 2073

EP - 2086

JO - Psychological Medicine

JF - Psychological Medicine

IS - 9

ER -

Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study

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