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Interaction of glycine with common atmospheric nucleation precursors. / Elm, Jonas; Fard, Mehrnoush; Bilde, Merete et al.
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory, Vol. 117, No. 48, 2013, p. 12990-12997.Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Interaction of glycine with common atmospheric nucleation precursors
AU - Elm, Jonas
AU - Fard, Mehrnoush
AU - Bilde, Merete
AU - Mikkelsen, Kurt V.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - The interaction between the simplest amino acid glycine in three different protonation states and common atmospheric nucleation precursors (HO, NH, and HSO) has been investigated using computational methods. Each nucleation step has been thoroughly sampled, and statistical Gibbs free energies of formation have been calculated using M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd). From the stepwise ΔG values, the stabilities of the molecular clusters have been evaluated. Glycine in all three protonation states is found to have a favorable interaction with sulfuric acid with a higher cluster stabilizing effect than ammonia. The deprotonated glycine molecule is found to yield the highest stabilizing effect on the sulfuric acid clusters through the interaction of both the amino and carboxylic moieties, while the protonated glycine molecule is found to have a high stabilizing effect on the addition of water and ammonia. Furthermore, we find that a single sulfuric acid molecule is capable of stabilizing the glycine zwitterion. Sulfuric acid is found to be able to catalyze the spontaneous formation of the zwitterion and subsequently stabilize the formed ion. The formation of the glycine zwitterion occurs with a low Gibbs free energy barrier of 2.10 kcal/mol, indicating that this formation could occur rapidly in the atmosphere.
AB - The interaction between the simplest amino acid glycine in three different protonation states and common atmospheric nucleation precursors (HO, NH, and HSO) has been investigated using computational methods. Each nucleation step has been thoroughly sampled, and statistical Gibbs free energies of formation have been calculated using M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd). From the stepwise ΔG values, the stabilities of the molecular clusters have been evaluated. Glycine in all three protonation states is found to have a favorable interaction with sulfuric acid with a higher cluster stabilizing effect than ammonia. The deprotonated glycine molecule is found to yield the highest stabilizing effect on the sulfuric acid clusters through the interaction of both the amino and carboxylic moieties, while the protonated glycine molecule is found to have a high stabilizing effect on the addition of water and ammonia. Furthermore, we find that a single sulfuric acid molecule is capable of stabilizing the glycine zwitterion. Sulfuric acid is found to be able to catalyze the spontaneous formation of the zwitterion and subsequently stabilize the formed ion. The formation of the glycine zwitterion occurs with a low Gibbs free energy barrier of 2.10 kcal/mol, indicating that this formation could occur rapidly in the atmosphere.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84890011412&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/jp408962c
DO - 10.1021/jp408962c
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 24191651
AN - SCOPUS:84890011412
VL - 117
SP - 12990
EP - 12997
JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory
JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory
SN - 1089-5639
IS - 48
ER -