Imaging of the Hydrogen Subsurface Site in Rutile TiO2

Georg Herborg Enevoldsen; Henry Pinto; Adam S Foster; Mona Christine Robenhagen Jensen; Werner Hofer; Bjørk Hammer; Jeppe Vang Lauritsen; Flemming Besenbacher

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136103

Imaging of the Hydrogen Subsurface Site in Rutile TiO₂

Georg Herborg Enevoldsen, Henry Pinto, Adam S Foster, Mona Christine Robenhagen Jensen, Werner Hofer, Bjørk Hammer, Jeppe Vang Lauritsen, Flemming Besenbacher

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

From an interplay between simultaneously recorded noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy images and simulations based on density functional theory, we reveal the location of single hydrogen species in the surface and subsurface layers of rutile TiO2. Subsurface hydrogen atoms (H-sub) are found to reside in a stable interstitial site as subsurface OH groups detectable in scanning tunneling microscopy as a characteristic electronic state but imperceptible to atomic force microscopy. The combined atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory study demonstrates a general scheme to reveal near surface defects and interstitials in poorly conducting materials.

Original language	English
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	102
Issue	13
Pages (from-to)	136103-136107
Number of pages	4
ISSN	0031-9007
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136103
Publication status	Published - 2009

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136103

Cite this

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title = "Imaging of the Hydrogen Subsurface Site in Rutile TiO2",

abstract = "From an interplay between simultaneously recorded noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy images and simulations based on density functional theory, we reveal the location of single hydrogen species in the surface and subsurface layers of rutile TiO2. Subsurface hydrogen atoms (H-sub) are found to reside in a stable interstitial site as subsurface OH groups detectable in scanning tunneling microscopy as a characteristic electronic state but imperceptible to atomic force microscopy. The combined atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory study demonstrates a general scheme to reveal near surface defects and interstitials in poorly conducting materials.",

author = "Enevoldsen, {Georg Herborg} and Henry Pinto and Foster, {Adam S} and Jensen, {Mona Christine Robenhagen} and Werner Hofer and Bj{\o}rk Hammer and Lauritsen, {Jeppe Vang} and Flemming Besenbacher",

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T1 - Imaging of the Hydrogen Subsurface Site in Rutile TiO2

AU - Enevoldsen, Georg Herborg

AU - Pinto, Henry

AU - Foster, Adam S

AU - Jensen, Mona Christine Robenhagen

AU - Hofer, Werner

AU - Hammer, Bjørk

AU - Lauritsen, Jeppe Vang

AU - Besenbacher, Flemming

N1 - Paper id:: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136103

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - From an interplay between simultaneously recorded noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy images and simulations based on density functional theory, we reveal the location of single hydrogen species in the surface and subsurface layers of rutile TiO2. Subsurface hydrogen atoms (H-sub) are found to reside in a stable interstitial site as subsurface OH groups detectable in scanning tunneling microscopy as a characteristic electronic state but imperceptible to atomic force microscopy. The combined atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory study demonstrates a general scheme to reveal near surface defects and interstitials in poorly conducting materials.

AB - From an interplay between simultaneously recorded noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy images and simulations based on density functional theory, we reveal the location of single hydrogen species in the surface and subsurface layers of rutile TiO2. Subsurface hydrogen atoms (H-sub) are found to reside in a stable interstitial site as subsurface OH groups detectable in scanning tunneling microscopy as a characteristic electronic state but imperceptible to atomic force microscopy. The combined atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory study demonstrates a general scheme to reveal near surface defects and interstitials in poorly conducting materials.

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136103

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136103

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 19392373

SN - 0031-9007

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EP - 136107

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

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ER -