Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses

Dominika Srednicka-Tober; Marcin Baranski; Chris J. Seal; Roy Sanderson; Charles Benbrook; Havard Steinshamn; Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska; Ewa Rembialkowska; Krystyna Skwarlo-Sonta; Mick D. Eyre; Giulio Cozzi; Mette Krogh Larsen; Teresa Jordon; Urs Niggli; Tomasz Sakowski; Philip C Calder; Graham C. Burdge; Smaragda Sotiraki; Alexandros Stefanakis; Sokratis Stergiadis; Halil Yolcu; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Gillian Butler; Gavin Stewart; Carlo Leifert

doi:10.1017/S0007114516000349

Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses

Dominika Srednicka-Tober, Marcin Baranski, Chris J. Seal, Roy Sanderson, Charles Benbrook, Havard Steinshamn, Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Ewa Rembialkowska, Krystyna Skwarlo-Sonta, Mick D. Eyre, Giulio Cozzi, Mette Krogh Larsen, Teresa Jordon, Urs Niggli, Tomasz Sakowski, Philip C Calder, Graham C. Burdge, Smaragda Sotiraki, Alexandros Stefanakis, Sokratis StergiadisHalil Yolcu, Eleni Chatzidimitriou, Gillian Butler, Gavin Stewart, Carlo Leifert^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Food Science - Differentiated & Biofunctional Foods

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Review › Research › peer-review

189 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differences in total SFA and MUFA concentrations between organic and conventional milk. However, concentrations of total PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in organic milk, by an estimated 7 (95 % CI -1, 15) % and 56 (95 % CI 38, 74) %, respectively. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DPA+DHA) and conjugated linoleic acid were also significantly higher in organic milk, by an 69 (95 % CI 53, 84) %, 57 (95 % CI 27, 87) % and 41 (95 % CI 14, 68) %, respectively. As there were no significant differences in total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations, the n-6:n-3 and LA:ALA ratios were lower in organic milk, by an estimated 71 (95 % CI -122, -20) % and 93 (95 % CI -116, -70) %. It is concluded that organic bovine milk has a more desirable fatty acid composition than conventional milk. Meta-analyses also showed that organic milk has significantly higher α-tocopherol and Fe, but lower I and Se concentrations. Redundancy analysis of data from a large cross-European milk quality survey indicates that the higher grazing/conserved forage intakes in organic systems were the main reason for milk composition differences.

Original language	English
Journal	British Journal of Nutrition
Volume	115
Issue	6
Pages (from-to)	1043-1060
Number of pages	18
ISSN	0007-1145
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516000349
Publication status	Published - 26 Jan 2016

Keywords

Organic products
Milk
Dairy products
Vitamins
Antioxidants
n-3 PUFA
Conjugated linoleic acid
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE-RESIDUES
CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK
PROSTATE-CANCER RISK
DAIRY-PRODUCTS
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
SEASONAL-VARIATION
HEALTH-BENEFITS
PLANT FOODS
COWS MILK

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Srednicka-Tober, D., Baranski, M., Seal, C. J., Sanderson, R., Benbrook, C., Steinshamn, H., Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J., Rembialkowska, E., Skwarlo-Sonta, K., Eyre, M. D., Cozzi, G., Larsen, M. K., Jordon, T., Niggli, U., Sakowski, T., Calder, P. C., Burdge, G. C., Sotiraki, S., Stefanakis, A., ... Leifert, C. (2016). Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses. British Journal of Nutrition, 115(6), 1043-1060. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516000349

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title = "Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses",

abstract = "Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differences in total SFA and MUFA concentrations between organic and conventional milk. However, concentrations of total PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in organic milk, by an estimated 7 (95 \% CI -1, 15) \% and 56 (95 \% CI 38, 74) \%, respectively. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DPA+DHA) and conjugated linoleic acid were also significantly higher in organic milk, by an 69 (95 \% CI 53, 84) \%, 57 (95 \% CI 27, 87) \% and 41 (95 \% CI 14, 68) \%, respectively. As there were no significant differences in total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations, the n-6:n-3 and LA:ALA ratios were lower in organic milk, by an estimated 71 (95 \% CI -122, -20) \% and 93 (95 \% CI -116, -70) \%. It is concluded that organic bovine milk has a more desirable fatty acid composition than conventional milk. Meta-analyses also showed that organic milk has significantly higher α-tocopherol and Fe, but lower I and Se concentrations. Redundancy analysis of data from a large cross-European milk quality survey indicates that the higher grazing/conserved forage intakes in organic systems were the main reason for milk composition differences.",

keywords = "Organic products, Milk, Dairy products, Vitamins, Antioxidants, n-3 PUFA, Conjugated linoleic acid, POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE-RESIDUES, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK, PROSTATE-CANCER RISK, DAIRY-PRODUCTS, NUTRITIONAL QUALITY, SEASONAL-VARIATION, HEALTH-BENEFITS, PLANT FOODS, COWS MILK",

author = "Dominika Srednicka-Tober and Marcin Baranski and Seal, \{Chris J.\} and Roy Sanderson and Charles Benbrook and Havard Steinshamn and Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska and Ewa Rembialkowska and Krystyna Skwarlo-Sonta and Eyre, \{Mick D.\} and Giulio Cozzi and Larsen, \{Mette Krogh\} and Teresa Jordon and Urs Niggli and Tomasz Sakowski and Calder, \{Philip C\} and Burdge, \{Graham C.\} and Smaragda Sotiraki and Alexandros Stefanakis and Sokratis Stergiadis and Halil Yolcu and Eleni Chatzidimitriou and Gillian Butler and Gavin Stewart and Carlo Leifert",

year = "2016",

month = jan,

day = "26",

doi = "10.1017/S0007114516000349",

language = "English",

volume = "115",

pages = "1043--1060",

journal = "British Journal of Nutrition",

issn = "0007-1145",

publisher = "Cambridge University Press",

number = "6",

}

Srednicka-Tober, D, Baranski, M, Seal, CJ, Sanderson, R, Benbrook, C, Steinshamn, H, Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J, Rembialkowska, E, Skwarlo-Sonta, K, Eyre, MD, Cozzi, G, Larsen, MK, Jordon, T, Niggli, U, Sakowski, T, Calder, PC, Burdge, GC, Sotiraki, S, Stefanakis, A, Stergiadis, S, Yolcu, H, Chatzidimitriou, E, Butler, G, Stewart, G & Leifert, C 2016, 'Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 115, no. 6, pp. 1043-1060. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516000349

Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses. / Srednicka-Tober, Dominika; Baranski, Marcin; Seal, Chris J. et al.
In: British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 115, No. 6, 26.01.2016, p. 1043-1060.

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Review › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk

T2 - a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses

AU - Srednicka-Tober, Dominika

AU - Baranski, Marcin

AU - Seal, Chris J.

AU - Sanderson, Roy

AU - Benbrook, Charles

AU - Steinshamn, Havard

AU - Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Joanna

AU - Rembialkowska, Ewa

AU - Skwarlo-Sonta, Krystyna

AU - Eyre, Mick D.

AU - Cozzi, Giulio

AU - Larsen, Mette Krogh

AU - Jordon, Teresa

AU - Niggli, Urs

AU - Sakowski, Tomasz

AU - Calder, Philip C

AU - Burdge, Graham C.

AU - Sotiraki, Smaragda

AU - Stefanakis, Alexandros

AU - Stergiadis, Sokratis

AU - Yolcu, Halil

AU - Chatzidimitriou, Eleni

AU - Butler, Gillian

AU - Stewart, Gavin

AU - Leifert, Carlo

PY - 2016/1/26

Y1 - 2016/1/26

N2 - Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differences in total SFA and MUFA concentrations between organic and conventional milk. However, concentrations of total PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in organic milk, by an estimated 7 (95 % CI -1, 15) % and 56 (95 % CI 38, 74) %, respectively. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DPA+DHA) and conjugated linoleic acid were also significantly higher in organic milk, by an 69 (95 % CI 53, 84) %, 57 (95 % CI 27, 87) % and 41 (95 % CI 14, 68) %, respectively. As there were no significant differences in total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations, the n-6:n-3 and LA:ALA ratios were lower in organic milk, by an estimated 71 (95 % CI -122, -20) % and 93 (95 % CI -116, -70) %. It is concluded that organic bovine milk has a more desirable fatty acid composition than conventional milk. Meta-analyses also showed that organic milk has significantly higher α-tocopherol and Fe, but lower I and Se concentrations. Redundancy analysis of data from a large cross-European milk quality survey indicates that the higher grazing/conserved forage intakes in organic systems were the main reason for milk composition differences.

AB - Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differences in total SFA and MUFA concentrations between organic and conventional milk. However, concentrations of total PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in organic milk, by an estimated 7 (95 % CI -1, 15) % and 56 (95 % CI 38, 74) %, respectively. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DPA+DHA) and conjugated linoleic acid were also significantly higher in organic milk, by an 69 (95 % CI 53, 84) %, 57 (95 % CI 27, 87) % and 41 (95 % CI 14, 68) %, respectively. As there were no significant differences in total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations, the n-6:n-3 and LA:ALA ratios were lower in organic milk, by an estimated 71 (95 % CI -122, -20) % and 93 (95 % CI -116, -70) %. It is concluded that organic bovine milk has a more desirable fatty acid composition than conventional milk. Meta-analyses also showed that organic milk has significantly higher α-tocopherol and Fe, but lower I and Se concentrations. Redundancy analysis of data from a large cross-European milk quality survey indicates that the higher grazing/conserved forage intakes in organic systems were the main reason for milk composition differences.

KW - Organic products

KW - Milk

KW - Dairy products

KW - Vitamins

KW - Antioxidants

KW - n-3 PUFA

KW - Conjugated linoleic acid

KW - POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS

KW - ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE-RESIDUES

KW - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK

KW - PROSTATE-CANCER RISK

KW - DAIRY-PRODUCTS

KW - NUTRITIONAL QUALITY

KW - SEASONAL-VARIATION

KW - HEALTH-BENEFITS

KW - PLANT FOODS

KW - COWS MILK

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84959350600

U2 - 10.1017/S0007114516000349

DO - 10.1017/S0007114516000349

M3 - Review

C2 - 26878105

SN - 0007-1145

VL - 115

SP - 1043

EP - 1060

JO - British Journal of Nutrition

JF - British Journal of Nutrition

IS - 6

ER -

Srednicka-Tober D, Baranski M, Seal CJ, Sanderson R, Benbrook C, Steinshamn H et al. Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses. British Journal of Nutrition. 2016 Jan 26;115(6):1043-1060. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516000349

Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses

Abstract

Keywords

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