TY - JOUR
T1 - Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk
T2 - a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses
AU - Srednicka-Tober, Dominika
AU - Baranski, Marcin
AU - Seal, Chris J.
AU - Sanderson, Roy
AU - Benbrook, Charles
AU - Steinshamn, Havard
AU - Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Joanna
AU - Rembialkowska, Ewa
AU - Skwarlo-Sonta, Krystyna
AU - Eyre, Mick D.
AU - Cozzi, Giulio
AU - Larsen, Mette Krogh
AU - Jordon, Teresa
AU - Niggli, Urs
AU - Sakowski, Tomasz
AU - Calder, Philip C
AU - Burdge, Graham C.
AU - Sotiraki, Smaragda
AU - Stefanakis, Alexandros
AU - Stergiadis, Sokratis
AU - Yolcu, Halil
AU - Chatzidimitriou, Eleni
AU - Butler, Gillian
AU - Stewart, Gavin
AU - Leifert, Carlo
PY - 2016/1/26
Y1 - 2016/1/26
N2 - Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differences in total SFA and MUFA concentrations between organic and conventional milk. However, concentrations of total PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in organic milk, by an estimated 7 (95 % CI -1, 15) % and 56 (95 % CI 38, 74) %, respectively. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DPA+DHA) and conjugated linoleic acid were also significantly higher in organic milk, by an 69 (95 % CI 53, 84) %, 57 (95 % CI 27, 87) % and 41 (95 % CI 14, 68) %, respectively. As there were no significant differences in total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations, the n-6:n-3 and LA:ALA ratios were lower in organic milk, by an estimated 71 (95 % CI -122, -20) % and 93 (95 % CI -116, -70) %. It is concluded that organic bovine milk has a more desirable fatty acid composition than conventional milk. Meta-analyses also showed that organic milk has significantly higher α-tocopherol and Fe, but lower I and Se concentrations. Redundancy analysis of data from a large cross-European milk quality survey indicates that the higher grazing/conserved forage intakes in organic systems were the main reason for milk composition differences.
AB - Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differences in total SFA and MUFA concentrations between organic and conventional milk. However, concentrations of total PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in organic milk, by an estimated 7 (95 % CI -1, 15) % and 56 (95 % CI 38, 74) %, respectively. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DPA+DHA) and conjugated linoleic acid were also significantly higher in organic milk, by an 69 (95 % CI 53, 84) %, 57 (95 % CI 27, 87) % and 41 (95 % CI 14, 68) %, respectively. As there were no significant differences in total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations, the n-6:n-3 and LA:ALA ratios were lower in organic milk, by an estimated 71 (95 % CI -122, -20) % and 93 (95 % CI -116, -70) %. It is concluded that organic bovine milk has a more desirable fatty acid composition than conventional milk. Meta-analyses also showed that organic milk has significantly higher α-tocopherol and Fe, but lower I and Se concentrations. Redundancy analysis of data from a large cross-European milk quality survey indicates that the higher grazing/conserved forage intakes in organic systems were the main reason for milk composition differences.
KW - Organic products
KW - Milk
KW - Dairy products
KW - Vitamins
KW - Antioxidants
KW - n-3 PUFA
KW - Conjugated linoleic acid
KW - POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS
KW - ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE-RESIDUES
KW - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK
KW - PROSTATE-CANCER RISK
KW - DAIRY-PRODUCTS
KW - NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
KW - SEASONAL-VARIATION
KW - HEALTH-BENEFITS
KW - PLANT FOODS
KW - COWS MILK
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84959350600
U2 - 10.1017/S0007114516000349
DO - 10.1017/S0007114516000349
M3 - Review
C2 - 26878105
SN - 0007-1145
VL - 115
SP - 1043
EP - 1060
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -