TY - JOUR
T1 - Global hotspots of endemicity, rarity and speciation of aquatic macrophytes
AU - Lobato-De Magalhães, Tatiana
AU - Murphy, Kevin
AU - Tapia Grimaldo, Julissa
AU - Davidson, Thomas A.
AU - Molina-Navarro, Eugenio
AU - De-Nova, José Arturo
AU - Efremov, Andrey
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 CSIRO. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - Context: Most aquatic macrophytes are ecozone-endemic species, and approximately two-thirds of them have rare occurrence at global scale. These small-range plants are seriously under-studied at macroecological scale, despite their marked vulnerability to extinction through habitat loss and climate change. Aims: To identify global hotspots of endemism and rarity of aquatic macrophytes and examine the factors that resulted in speciation hotspots of macrophytes in some areas of the planet. Methods: We analysed a database of 3499 macrophyte species to locate speciation hotspots and assess the biogeographic and environmental drivers that maintain ecozone-endemic, and globally rare species within their current limited global areas of occupancy. Key results: Ecozone-endemic and globally rare macrophyte species hotspots across the planet showed similar occurrence patterns and drivers among ecozones. Ecozone environmental conditions, particularly harsh environments, influenced macrophyte phylogenetic diversity and structure. Most macrophyte species diversification is recent (<10 million years ago). A negative association with bird-mediated zoochory was seen for endemicity and rarity hotspots. Conclusions: This study identified hotspots of endemicity and rarity, and potential cradle and museum speciation areas. Implications: Our findings could inform global action to conserve the macrophyte diversity of wetlands, and other inland aquatic habitats, across the world.
AB - Context: Most aquatic macrophytes are ecozone-endemic species, and approximately two-thirds of them have rare occurrence at global scale. These small-range plants are seriously under-studied at macroecological scale, despite their marked vulnerability to extinction through habitat loss and climate change. Aims: To identify global hotspots of endemism and rarity of aquatic macrophytes and examine the factors that resulted in speciation hotspots of macrophytes in some areas of the planet. Methods: We analysed a database of 3499 macrophyte species to locate speciation hotspots and assess the biogeographic and environmental drivers that maintain ecozone-endemic, and globally rare species within their current limited global areas of occupancy. Key results: Ecozone-endemic and globally rare macrophyte species hotspots across the planet showed similar occurrence patterns and drivers among ecozones. Ecozone environmental conditions, particularly harsh environments, influenced macrophyte phylogenetic diversity and structure. Most macrophyte species diversification is recent (<10 million years ago). A negative association with bird-mediated zoochory was seen for endemicity and rarity hotspots. Conclusions: This study identified hotspots of endemicity and rarity, and potential cradle and museum speciation areas. Implications: Our findings could inform global action to conserve the macrophyte diversity of wetlands, and other inland aquatic habitats, across the world.
KW - aquatic plants
KW - diversification
KW - ecozone-endemic
KW - globally rare species
KW - long-distance dispersal
KW - phylogenetic diversity
KW - range distribution
KW - vicariance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85195786867&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1071/MF23121
DO - 10.1071/MF23121
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85195786867
SN - 1323-1650
VL - 75
JO - Marine and Freshwater Research
JF - Marine and Freshwater Research
IS - 9
M1 - MF23121
ER -