Filtering on the Go: Effect of Filters on Gaze Pointing Accuracy During Physical Locomotion in Extended Reality

TY - JOUR

T1 - Filtering on the Go: Effect of Filters on Gaze Pointing Accuracy During Physical Locomotion in Extended Reality

AU - Manakhov, Pavel

AU - Sidenmark, Ludwig

AU - Pfeuffer, Ken

AU - Gellersen, Hans

PY - 2024/9/10

Y1 - 2024/9/10

N2 - Eye tracking filters have been shown to improve accuracy of gaze estimation and input for stationary settings. However, their effectiveness during physical movement remains underexplored. In this work, we compare common online filters in the context of physical locomotion in extended reality and propose alterations to improve them for on-the-go settings. We conducted a computational experiment where we simulate performance of the online filters using data on participants attending visual targets located in world-, path-, and two head-based reference frames while standing, walking, and jogging. Our results provide insights into the filters' effectiveness and factors that affect it, such as the amount of noise caused by locomotion and differences in compensatory eye movements, and demonstrate that filters with saccade detection prove most useful for on-the-go settings. We discuss the implications of our findings and conclude with guidance on gaze data filtering for interaction in extended reality.

AB - Eye tracking filters have been shown to improve accuracy of gaze estimation and input for stationary settings. However, their effectiveness during physical movement remains underexplored. In this work, we compare common online filters in the context of physical locomotion in extended reality and propose alterations to improve them for on-the-go settings. We conducted a computational experiment where we simulate performance of the online filters using data on participants attending visual targets located in world-, path-, and two head-based reference frames while standing, walking, and jogging. Our results provide insights into the filters' effectiveness and factors that affect it, such as the amount of noise caused by locomotion and differences in compensatory eye movements, and demonstrate that filters with saccade detection prove most useful for on-the-go settings. We discuss the implications of our findings and conclude with guidance on gaze data filtering for interaction in extended reality.

KW - eye tracking

KW - gaze filters

KW - gaze-based pointing

KW - extended reality

KW - spatial reference frames

KW - physical locomotion

U2 - 10.1109/TVCG.2024.3456153

DO - 10.1109/TVCG.2024.3456153

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 39255110

SN - 1077-2626

JO - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

ER -