Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) has motor alterations as typical symptoms; however, there are also a high prevalence of nonmotor symptoms such as pain, balance, depression with high impact on patient quality life. Pain is present in around of 85% of PD patients and is associated with abnormal processing in central areas of pain pathway, and opioid and endocannabinoid system can be involved. Physical exercise has beneficial effects on PD, improving motor and nonmotor symptoms. This chapter aimed to highlight studies that report the effectiveness of the intervention through exercise on nonmotor symptoms of patients and animal models of PD, focusing on opioid and endocannabinoid system. In general, the exercise and physical activity can improve many PD symptoms; it helps maintain balance, mobility, and the ability to perform daily routines. That physical activity can play a preventive and maintenance role of physical fitness and mental health for patients with PD and consequently improve quality of life of PD patients.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Neurobiology and Physiology of the Endocannabinoid System |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Place of publication | London |
| Publisher | Academic Press |
| Publication date | Jan 2023 |
| Pages | 137-147 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780323908788 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323908771 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2023 |
Keywords
- Analgesia
- Cannabinoid receptors
- Endocannabinoid
- Nonmotor symptoms
- Opioid receptors
- Pain
- Parkinson’s disease
- Physical activity
- Treadmill exercise