Effects of Environmental Conditions and Bed Configuration on Oxygen Transfer Efficiency in Aerated Constructed Wetlands

Ismael Vera-Puerto; José Campal; Sandra Martínez; Laura Cortés-Rico; Hadher Coy; Sheyie Tan; Carlos A. Arias; Gustavo Baquero-Rodríguez; Diego Rosso

doi:10.3390/w14203284

Effects of Environmental Conditions and Bed Configuration on Oxygen Transfer Efficiency in Aerated Constructed Wetlands

Ismael Vera-Puerto^*, José Campal, Sandra Martínez, Laura Cortés-Rico, Hadher Coy, Sheyie Tan, Carlos A. Arias, Gustavo Baquero-Rodríguez, Diego Rosso

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

This research evaluated the oxygen transfer efficiency in beds to be used as aerated constructed wetlands. The research methods included oxygen transfer efficiency evaluations in several bed configurations using diffused aeration systems. Experiments were conducted at two locations with different environmental conditions: a) Talca (Chile), 120 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.), 0.99 Atm and b) Cajicá (Colombia), 2550 m.a.s.l., 0.76 Atm. A column with only clean water and three bed configurations representing aerated constructed wetlands were evaluated. These configurations included: (a) coarse gravel, (b) coarse gravel with an empty core in the middle (inner container), and (c) fine gravel. Three airflow rates were evaluated: (a) low, 0.7 L/min; (b) medium, 2.5 L/min; and (c) high, 3.6 L/min. The overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient, standard oxygen transfer rate, and standard oxygen transfer efficiency were the variables calculated from the oxygen transfer evaluation tests. The research results indicated that in diffused aeration systems, oxygen transfer efficiency was negatively influenced by environmental conditions, particularly altitude, which limits the driving force for oxygen transfer into water. Furthermore, the results showed that the size of the gravel used in the bed is related to the oxygen transfer efficiency: the larger the gravel size, the higher the oxygen transfer, regardless of the altitude. Finally, research regarding oxygen transfer in aerated constructed wetlands has signaled the need for a standard procedure for aeration testing, and this work suggests a new methodology.

Original language	English
Article number	3284
Journal	Water (Switzerland)
Volume	14
Issue	20
ISSN	2073-4441
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203284
Publication status	Published - Oct 2022

Keywords

aeration
atmospheric pressure
constructed wetlands
gravel size
oxygen transfer

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10.3390/w14203284Licence: CC BY

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@article{5f14cef8c3ad4a139953c65722a07138,

title = "Effects of Environmental Conditions and Bed Configuration on Oxygen Transfer Efficiency in Aerated Constructed Wetlands",

abstract = "This research evaluated the oxygen transfer efficiency in beds to be used as aerated constructed wetlands. The research methods included oxygen transfer efficiency evaluations in several bed configurations using diffused aeration systems. Experiments were conducted at two locations with different environmental conditions: a) Talca (Chile), 120 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.), 0.99 Atm and b) Cajic{\'a} (Colombia), 2550 m.a.s.l., 0.76 Atm. A column with only clean water and three bed configurations representing aerated constructed wetlands were evaluated. These configurations included: (a) coarse gravel, (b) coarse gravel with an empty core in the middle (inner container), and (c) fine gravel. Three airflow rates were evaluated: (a) low, 0.7 L/min; (b) medium, 2.5 L/min; and (c) high, 3.6 L/min. The overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient, standard oxygen transfer rate, and standard oxygen transfer efficiency were the variables calculated from the oxygen transfer evaluation tests. The research results indicated that in diffused aeration systems, oxygen transfer efficiency was negatively influenced by environmental conditions, particularly altitude, which limits the driving force for oxygen transfer into water. Furthermore, the results showed that the size of the gravel used in the bed is related to the oxygen transfer efficiency: the larger the gravel size, the higher the oxygen transfer, regardless of the altitude. Finally, research regarding oxygen transfer in aerated constructed wetlands has signaled the need for a standard procedure for aeration testing, and this work suggests a new methodology.",

keywords = "aeration, atmospheric pressure, constructed wetlands, gravel size, oxygen transfer",

author = "Ismael Vera-Puerto and Jos{\'e} Campal and Sandra Mart{\'i}nez and Laura Cort{\'e}s-Rico and Hadher Coy and Sheyie Tan and Arias, {Carlos A.} and Gustavo Baquero-Rodr{\'i}guez and Diego Rosso",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

year = "2022",

month = oct,

doi = "10.3390/w14203284",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

journal = "Water (Switzerland)",

issn = "2073-4441",

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number = "20",

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Effects of Environmental Conditions and Bed Configuration on Oxygen Transfer Efficiency in Aerated Constructed Wetlands. / Vera-Puerto, Ismael; Campal, José; Martínez, Sandra et al.
In: Water (Switzerland), Vol. 14, No. 20, 3284, 10.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of Environmental Conditions and Bed Configuration on Oxygen Transfer Efficiency in Aerated Constructed Wetlands

AU - Vera-Puerto, Ismael

AU - Campal, José

AU - Martínez, Sandra

AU - Cortés-Rico, Laura

AU - Coy, Hadher

AU - Tan, Sheyie

AU - Arias, Carlos A.

AU - Baquero-Rodríguez, Gustavo

AU - Rosso, Diego

PY - 2022/10

Y1 - 2022/10

N2 - This research evaluated the oxygen transfer efficiency in beds to be used as aerated constructed wetlands. The research methods included oxygen transfer efficiency evaluations in several bed configurations using diffused aeration systems. Experiments were conducted at two locations with different environmental conditions: a) Talca (Chile), 120 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.), 0.99 Atm and b) Cajicá (Colombia), 2550 m.a.s.l., 0.76 Atm. A column with only clean water and three bed configurations representing aerated constructed wetlands were evaluated. These configurations included: (a) coarse gravel, (b) coarse gravel with an empty core in the middle (inner container), and (c) fine gravel. Three airflow rates were evaluated: (a) low, 0.7 L/min; (b) medium, 2.5 L/min; and (c) high, 3.6 L/min. The overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient, standard oxygen transfer rate, and standard oxygen transfer efficiency were the variables calculated from the oxygen transfer evaluation tests. The research results indicated that in diffused aeration systems, oxygen transfer efficiency was negatively influenced by environmental conditions, particularly altitude, which limits the driving force for oxygen transfer into water. Furthermore, the results showed that the size of the gravel used in the bed is related to the oxygen transfer efficiency: the larger the gravel size, the higher the oxygen transfer, regardless of the altitude. Finally, research regarding oxygen transfer in aerated constructed wetlands has signaled the need for a standard procedure for aeration testing, and this work suggests a new methodology.

AB - This research evaluated the oxygen transfer efficiency in beds to be used as aerated constructed wetlands. The research methods included oxygen transfer efficiency evaluations in several bed configurations using diffused aeration systems. Experiments were conducted at two locations with different environmental conditions: a) Talca (Chile), 120 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.), 0.99 Atm and b) Cajicá (Colombia), 2550 m.a.s.l., 0.76 Atm. A column with only clean water and three bed configurations representing aerated constructed wetlands were evaluated. These configurations included: (a) coarse gravel, (b) coarse gravel with an empty core in the middle (inner container), and (c) fine gravel. Three airflow rates were evaluated: (a) low, 0.7 L/min; (b) medium, 2.5 L/min; and (c) high, 3.6 L/min. The overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient, standard oxygen transfer rate, and standard oxygen transfer efficiency were the variables calculated from the oxygen transfer evaluation tests. The research results indicated that in diffused aeration systems, oxygen transfer efficiency was negatively influenced by environmental conditions, particularly altitude, which limits the driving force for oxygen transfer into water. Furthermore, the results showed that the size of the gravel used in the bed is related to the oxygen transfer efficiency: the larger the gravel size, the higher the oxygen transfer, regardless of the altitude. Finally, research regarding oxygen transfer in aerated constructed wetlands has signaled the need for a standard procedure for aeration testing, and this work suggests a new methodology.

KW - aeration

KW - atmospheric pressure

KW - constructed wetlands

KW - gravel size

KW - oxygen transfer

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140901412&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/w14203284

DO - 10.3390/w14203284

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85140901412

SN - 2073-4441

VL - 14

JO - Water (Switzerland)

JF - Water (Switzerland)

IS - 20

M1 - 3284

ER -

Effects of Environmental Conditions and Bed Configuration on Oxygen Transfer Efficiency in Aerated Constructed Wetlands

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