Early host defense against virus infections

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Abstract

Early host defense eliminates many viruses before infections are established while clearing others so they remain subclinical or cause only mild disease. The field of immunology has been shaped by broad concepts, including the pattern recognition theory that currently dominates innate immunology. Focusing on early host responses to virus infections, we analyze the literature to build a working hypothesis for the principles that govern the early line of cellular antiviral defense. Aiming to ultimately arrive at a criteria-based theory with strong explanatory power, we propose that both controlling infection and limiting inflammation are key drivers for the early cellular antiviral response. This response, which we suggest is exerted by a set of "microbe- and inflammation-restricting mechanisms," directly restrict viral replication while also counteracting inflammation. Exploring the mechanisms and physiological importance of the early layer of cellular antiviral defense may open further lines of research in immunology.

Original languageEnglish
Article number115070
JournalCell Reports
Volume43
Issue12
Number of pages16
ISSN2211-1247
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 24 Dec 2024

Keywords

  • early host defense
  • immunology
  • microbe- and inflammation-restricting mechanisms
  • pattern recognition theory
  • CP: Immunology
  • innate immunity
  • restriction factors
  • antiviral defense

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