TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary Minerals and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes among Never-Smokers in a Danish Case–Cohort Study
AU - Fruh, Victoria
AU - Babalola, Tesleem
AU - Sears, Clara
AU - Wellenius, Gregory A.
AU - Webster, Thomas F.
AU - Mann, Koren K.
AU - Harrington, James
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
AU - Claus Henn, Birgit
AU - Meliker, Jaymie R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024/7
Y1 - 2024/7
N2 - Background: Diet is known to impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence for the essential minerals of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) is inconsistent. Methods: We conducted a case–cohort study within a non-smoking subgroup of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, a prospective study of 50–64-year-olds recruited between 1993–1997. We identified incident heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke cases through 2015 with an 1135-member subcohort. We measured the dietary intake of minerals, also known as elements, and calculated a combined dietary intake (CDI) score based on joint Ca, Mg and K intakes (mg/d) from Food Frequency Questionnaires. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Most HRs examining associations between CDI score and CVD were null. However, the third quartile of CDI was associated with a lower risk for heart failure (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.17), AMI (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.04), and stroke (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.88). Conclusions: We did not find consistent evidence to suggest that higher levels of essential minerals are associated with incident HF, AMI, and stroke, though results suggest a potential U-shaped relationship between select minerals and CVD outcomes.
AB - Background: Diet is known to impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence for the essential minerals of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) is inconsistent. Methods: We conducted a case–cohort study within a non-smoking subgroup of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, a prospective study of 50–64-year-olds recruited between 1993–1997. We identified incident heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke cases through 2015 with an 1135-member subcohort. We measured the dietary intake of minerals, also known as elements, and calculated a combined dietary intake (CDI) score based on joint Ca, Mg and K intakes (mg/d) from Food Frequency Questionnaires. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Most HRs examining associations between CDI score and CVD were null. However, the third quartile of CDI was associated with a lower risk for heart failure (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.17), AMI (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.04), and stroke (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.88). Conclusions: We did not find consistent evidence to suggest that higher levels of essential minerals are associated with incident HF, AMI, and stroke, though results suggest a potential U-shaped relationship between select minerals and CVD outcomes.
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - cardiovascular epidemiology
KW - dietary intake
KW - elements
KW - minerals
KW - nutrients
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85199906713&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijerph21070932
DO - 10.3390/ijerph21070932
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 39063508
AN - SCOPUS:85199906713
SN - 1661-7827
VL - 21
JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
IS - 7
M1 - 932
ER -