Development of antibody levels and subsequent decline in individuals with vaccine induced and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Nina Breinholt Stærke; Sidsel Dahl Andersen; Fredrikke Dam Larsen; Eva Anna Marianne Baerends; Lisa Loksø Dietz; Lars Østergaard; Martin Tolstrup; Ole Schmeltz Søgaard; ENFORCE Study Group

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107111

Development of antibody levels and subsequent decline in individuals with vaccine induced and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Nina Breinholt Stærke, Sidsel Dahl Andersen, Fredrikke Dam Larsen, Eva Anna Marianne Baerends, Lisa Loksø Dietz, Lars Østergaard, Martin Tolstrup, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard, ENFORCE Study Group

Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Infectious Diseases

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to compare antibody trajectories among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity. Methods: Danish adults receiving three doses of BTN162b2 or mRNA-1237 were included prior to first vaccination (Day 0). SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG levels were assessed before each vaccine dose, at Day 90, Day 180, 28 days after 3rd vaccination (Day 251), Day 365, and prior to 4th vaccination (Day 535). SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were extracted from the national microbiology database. Mixed-effect multivariable linear regression investigated the impact of hybrid-immunity (stratified into 4 groups: no hybrid immunity, PCR+ prior to 3rd dose, PCR+ after 3rd dose and before Day 365, PCR+ after Day 365) on anti-spike IgG trajectories. Results: A total of 4,936 individuals were included, 47% developed hybrid-immunity. Anti-spike IgG increases were observed in all groups at Day 251, with the highest levels in those PCR+ prior to 3rd dose (Geometric Mean; 535,647AU/mL vs. 374,665AU/mL with no hybrid-immunity, P<0.0001). Further increases were observed in participants who developed hybrid immunity after their 3rd dose. Anti-spike IgG levels declined from Day 251-535 in individuals without hybrid-immunity and in those who developed hybrid-immunity prior to their 3rd dose, with lower rate of decline in those with hybrid-immunity. Conclusion: Hybrid-immunity results in higher and more durable antibody trajectories in vaccinated individuals.

Original language	English
Article number	107111
Journal	International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume	146
ISSN	1201-9712
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107111
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2024

Keywords

Anti-spike IgG
Hybrid immunity
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccines

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10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107111

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Stærke, N. B., Andersen, S. D., Larsen, F. D., Baerends, E. A. M., Dietz, L. L., Østergaard, L., Tolstrup, M., Søgaard, O. S., & ENFORCE Study Group (2024). Development of antibody levels and subsequent decline in individuals with vaccine induced and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 146, Article 107111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107111

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title = "Development of antibody levels and subsequent decline in individuals with vaccine induced and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2",

abstract = "Objectives: This study aimed to compare antibody trajectories among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity. Methods: Danish adults receiving three doses of BTN162b2 or mRNA-1237 were included prior to first vaccination (Day 0). SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG levels were assessed before each vaccine dose, at Day 90, Day 180, 28 days after 3rd vaccination (Day 251), Day 365, and prior to 4th vaccination (Day 535). SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were extracted from the national microbiology database. Mixed-effect multivariable linear regression investigated the impact of hybrid-immunity (stratified into 4 groups: no hybrid immunity, PCR+ prior to 3rd dose, PCR+ after 3rd dose and before Day 365, PCR+ after Day 365) on anti-spike IgG trajectories. Results: A total of 4,936 individuals were included, 47% developed hybrid-immunity. Anti-spike IgG increases were observed in all groups at Day 251, with the highest levels in those PCR+ prior to 3rd dose (Geometric Mean; 535,647AU/mL vs. 374,665AU/mL with no hybrid-immunity, P<0.0001). Further increases were observed in participants who developed hybrid immunity after their 3rd dose. Anti-spike IgG levels declined from Day 251-535 in individuals without hybrid-immunity and in those who developed hybrid-immunity prior to their 3rd dose, with lower rate of decline in those with hybrid-immunity. Conclusion: Hybrid-immunity results in higher and more durable antibody trajectories in vaccinated individuals.",

keywords = "Anti-spike IgG, Hybrid immunity, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccines",

author = "Joanne Reekie and Henrik Stovring and Henrik Nielsen and Johansen, {Isik S} and Thomas Benfield and Lothar Wiese and St{\ae}rke, {Nina Breinholt} and Kasper Iversen and Mustafa, {Ahmed Basim} and Petersen, {Kristine Toft} and Juhl, {Maria Ruwald} and Knudsen, {Lene Surland} and Iversen, {Mette Brouw} and Andersen, {Sidsel Dahl} and Larsen, {Fredrikke Dam} and Baerends, {Eva Anna Marianne} and Lindvig, {Susan Olaf} and Rasmussen, {Line Dahlerup} and Madsen, {Lone Wulff} and Wendy Bannister and Jensen, {Tomas Oestergaard} and Dietz, {Lisa Loks{\o}} and Ostrowski, {Sisse Rye} and Lars {\O}stergaard and Martin Tolstrup and Lundgren, {Jens D} and S{\o}gaard, {Ole Schmeltz} and {ENFORCE Study Group}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107111",

language = "English",

volume = "146",

journal = "International Journal of Infectious Diseases",

issn = "1201-9712",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

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Development of antibody levels and subsequent decline in individuals with vaccine induced and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2. / Stærke, Nina Breinholt ; Andersen, Sidsel Dahl ; Larsen, Fredrikke Dam et al.
In: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 146, 107111, 01.09.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Development of antibody levels and subsequent decline in individuals with vaccine induced and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2

AU - Reekie, Joanne

AU - Stovring, Henrik

AU - Nielsen, Henrik

AU - Johansen, Isik S

AU - Benfield, Thomas

AU - Wiese, Lothar

AU - Stærke, Nina Breinholt

AU - Iversen, Kasper

AU - Mustafa, Ahmed Basim

AU - Petersen, Kristine Toft

AU - Juhl, Maria Ruwald

AU - Knudsen, Lene Surland

AU - Iversen, Mette Brouw

AU - Andersen, Sidsel Dahl

AU - Larsen, Fredrikke Dam

AU - Baerends, Eva Anna Marianne

AU - Lindvig, Susan Olaf

AU - Rasmussen, Line Dahlerup

AU - Madsen, Lone Wulff

AU - Bannister, Wendy

AU - Jensen, Tomas Oestergaard

AU - Dietz, Lisa Loksø

AU - Ostrowski, Sisse Rye

AU - Østergaard, Lars

AU - Tolstrup, Martin

AU - Lundgren, Jens D

AU - Søgaard, Ole Schmeltz

AU - ENFORCE Study Group

PY - 2024/9/1

Y1 - 2024/9/1

N2 - Objectives: This study aimed to compare antibody trajectories among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity. Methods: Danish adults receiving three doses of BTN162b2 or mRNA-1237 were included prior to first vaccination (Day 0). SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG levels were assessed before each vaccine dose, at Day 90, Day 180, 28 days after 3rd vaccination (Day 251), Day 365, and prior to 4th vaccination (Day 535). SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were extracted from the national microbiology database. Mixed-effect multivariable linear regression investigated the impact of hybrid-immunity (stratified into 4 groups: no hybrid immunity, PCR+ prior to 3rd dose, PCR+ after 3rd dose and before Day 365, PCR+ after Day 365) on anti-spike IgG trajectories. Results: A total of 4,936 individuals were included, 47% developed hybrid-immunity. Anti-spike IgG increases were observed in all groups at Day 251, with the highest levels in those PCR+ prior to 3rd dose (Geometric Mean; 535,647AU/mL vs. 374,665AU/mL with no hybrid-immunity, P<0.0001). Further increases were observed in participants who developed hybrid immunity after their 3rd dose. Anti-spike IgG levels declined from Day 251-535 in individuals without hybrid-immunity and in those who developed hybrid-immunity prior to their 3rd dose, with lower rate of decline in those with hybrid-immunity. Conclusion: Hybrid-immunity results in higher and more durable antibody trajectories in vaccinated individuals.

AB - Objectives: This study aimed to compare antibody trajectories among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity. Methods: Danish adults receiving three doses of BTN162b2 or mRNA-1237 were included prior to first vaccination (Day 0). SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG levels were assessed before each vaccine dose, at Day 90, Day 180, 28 days after 3rd vaccination (Day 251), Day 365, and prior to 4th vaccination (Day 535). SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were extracted from the national microbiology database. Mixed-effect multivariable linear regression investigated the impact of hybrid-immunity (stratified into 4 groups: no hybrid immunity, PCR+ prior to 3rd dose, PCR+ after 3rd dose and before Day 365, PCR+ after Day 365) on anti-spike IgG trajectories. Results: A total of 4,936 individuals were included, 47% developed hybrid-immunity. Anti-spike IgG increases were observed in all groups at Day 251, with the highest levels in those PCR+ prior to 3rd dose (Geometric Mean; 535,647AU/mL vs. 374,665AU/mL with no hybrid-immunity, P<0.0001). Further increases were observed in participants who developed hybrid immunity after their 3rd dose. Anti-spike IgG levels declined from Day 251-535 in individuals without hybrid-immunity and in those who developed hybrid-immunity prior to their 3rd dose, with lower rate of decline in those with hybrid-immunity. Conclusion: Hybrid-immunity results in higher and more durable antibody trajectories in vaccinated individuals.

KW - Anti-spike IgG

KW - Hybrid immunity

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - Vaccines

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85196316682&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107111

DO - 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107111

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38801970

SN - 1201-9712

VL - 146

JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases

JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases

M1 - 107111

ER -

Development of antibody levels and subsequent decline in individuals with vaccine induced and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2

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Keywords

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