Clover Root Uptake of Cereal Benzoxazinoids (BXs) Caused Accumulation of BXs and BX Transformation Products Concurrently with Substantial Increments in Clover Flavonoids and Abscisic Acid

Jawameer Hama, Kourosh Hooshmand, Bente Birgitte Laursen, Mette Vestergård Madsen, Inge S. Fomsgaard*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaperJournal articleResearchpeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)
33 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Metabolomic studies on root uptake and transformation of bioactive compounds, like cereal benzoxazinoids (BXs) in non-BX producing plants, are very limited. Therefore, a targeted mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics study was performed to elucidate the root uptake of BXs in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and the impact of absorbed BXs on intrinsic clover secondary metabolites. Clover plants grew in a medium containing 100 μM of individual BXs (five aglycone and one glycoside BXs) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, plant tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the BXs and clover secondary metabolite concentrations. All BXs were taken up by clover roots and translocated to the shoots. Upon uptake of 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA), 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA), and 2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA-glc), the parent compounds and a range of transformation products were seen in the roots and shoots. The individual BX concentrations ranged from not detected (nd) to 469 μg/g of dry weight (dw) and from nd to 170 μg/g of dw in the roots and shoots, respectively. The root uptake of BXs altered the composition of intrinsic clover secondary metabolites. In particular, the concentration of flavonoids and the hormone abscisic acid increased substantially in comparison to control plants.

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Volume70
Issue46
Pages (from-to)14633-14640
Number of pages8
ISSN0021-8561
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 23 Nov 2022

Keywords

  • LC-MS/MS
  • chemical defense
  • plant-plant interactions
  • root exudation
  • secondary metabolites
  • targeted metabolomics

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