Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum

Laura Løftgaard Knudsen; Sine Knorr; Susanne Kastberg Prange; Charlotte Wolff; Helle Nørgaard; Anne Mette Torp; Lene Ring Madsen; Lene Mortensen; Henrik Holm Thomsen; Lars Peter Sørensen; Per Glud Ovesen; Jens Fuglsang; Ulla Kampmann

doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae044

Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum

Laura Løftgaard Knudsen, Sine Knorr, Susanne Kastberg Prange, Charlotte Wolff, Helle Nørgaard, Anne Mette Torp, Lene Ring Madsen, Lene Mortensen, Henrik Holm Thomsen, Lars Peter Sørensen, Per Glud Ovesen, Jens Fuglsang, Ulla Kampmann^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

CONTEXT: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of long-term complications, including impaired glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In current clinical practice, a 1 size fits all approach to GDM is applied, although heterogeneity among women with GDM has been recognized.

OBJECTIVE: To give the most adequate preventive care and postpartum (PP) guidance, we aimed to make a metabolic characterization and identify subgroups of women with previous GDM within the first year PP.

METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we collected data in gestational week 34-38, at 3 months, and 1 year PP on women with GDM who participated in a PP follow-up program in Central Region Denmark from April 2019 to December 2022.

RESULTS: In total, 1270 women were included in the program in late pregnancy. Of the 768 women participating in either the oral glucose tolerance test 3 months PP (n = 545) or the 1-year follow-up (n = 493) or both (n = 261), 608 (79.2%) were normoglycemic, 137 (17.8%) had prediabetes, 20 (2.6%) had T2DM, and 3 (.4%) had developed T1DM. More than 40% of the women gained weight in the first year PP compared with their pregestational weight.

CONCLUSION: Our study shows that 20.8% of women with GDM who volunteered to participate in a clinical follow-up program developed prediabetes or diabetes (T1DM and T2DM) within the first year PP. The GDM diagnosis encompasses a heterogenetic group of women and a deeper characterization may provide an opportunity for a more personalized risk assessment to prevent the progression to T2DM.

Original language	English
Article number	bvae044
Journal	Journal of the Endocrine Society
Volume	8
Issue	6
Number of pages	12
ISSN	2472-1972
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvae044
Publication status	Published - Jun 2024

Keywords

diabetes
gestational diabetes mellitus
oral glucose tolerance test
prediabetes
pregnancy

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10.1210/jendso/bvae044Licence: CC BY

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Knudsen, L. L., Knorr, S., Prange, S. K., Wolff, C., Nørgaard, H., Torp, A. M., Madsen, L. R., Mortensen, L., Thomsen, H. H., Sørensen, L. P., Ovesen, P. G., Fuglsang, J., & Kampmann, U. (2024). Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 8(6), Article bvae044. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvae044

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title = "Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum",

abstract = "CONTEXT: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of long-term complications, including impaired glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In current clinical practice, a 1 size fits all approach to GDM is applied, although heterogeneity among women with GDM has been recognized.OBJECTIVE: To give the most adequate preventive care and postpartum (PP) guidance, we aimed to make a metabolic characterization and identify subgroups of women with previous GDM within the first year PP.METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we collected data in gestational week 34-38, at 3 months, and 1 year PP on women with GDM who participated in a PP follow-up program in Central Region Denmark from April 2019 to December 2022.RESULTS: In total, 1270 women were included in the program in late pregnancy. Of the 768 women participating in either the oral glucose tolerance test 3 months PP (n = 545) or the 1-year follow-up (n = 493) or both (n = 261), 608 (79.2%) were normoglycemic, 137 (17.8%) had prediabetes, 20 (2.6%) had T2DM, and 3 (.4%) had developed T1DM. More than 40% of the women gained weight in the first year PP compared with their pregestational weight.CONCLUSION: Our study shows that 20.8% of women with GDM who volunteered to participate in a clinical follow-up program developed prediabetes or diabetes (T1DM and T2DM) within the first year PP. The GDM diagnosis encompasses a heterogenetic group of women and a deeper characterization may provide an opportunity for a more personalized risk assessment to prevent the progression to T2DM.",

keywords = "diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, oral glucose tolerance test, prediabetes, pregnancy",

author = "Knudsen, {Laura L{\o}ftgaard} and Sine Knorr and Prange, {Susanne Kastberg} and Charlotte Wolff and Helle N{\o}rgaard and Torp, {Anne Mette} and Madsen, {Lene Ring} and Lene Mortensen and Thomsen, {Henrik Holm} and S{\o}rensen, {Lars Peter} and Ovesen, {Per Glud} and Jens Fuglsang and Ulla Kampmann",

year = "2024",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1210/jendso/bvae044",

language = "English",

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journal = "Journal of the Endocrine Society",

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Knudsen, LL, Knorr, S, Prange, SK, Wolff, C, Nørgaard, H, Torp, AM, Madsen, LR, Mortensen, L, Thomsen, HH, Sørensen, LP, Ovesen, PG , Fuglsang, J & Kampmann, U 2024, 'Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum', Journal of the Endocrine Society, vol. 8, no. 6, bvae044. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvae044

Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum. / Knudsen, Laura Løftgaard; Knorr, Sine; Prange, Susanne Kastberg et al.
In: Journal of the Endocrine Society, Vol. 8, No. 6, bvae044, 06.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum

AU - Knudsen, Laura Løftgaard

AU - Knorr, Sine

AU - Prange, Susanne Kastberg

AU - Wolff, Charlotte

AU - Nørgaard, Helle

AU - Torp, Anne Mette

AU - Madsen, Lene Ring

AU - Mortensen, Lene

AU - Thomsen, Henrik Holm

AU - Sørensen, Lars Peter

AU - Ovesen, Per Glud

AU - Fuglsang, Jens

AU - Kampmann, Ulla

PY - 2024/6

Y1 - 2024/6

N2 - CONTEXT: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of long-term complications, including impaired glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In current clinical practice, a 1 size fits all approach to GDM is applied, although heterogeneity among women with GDM has been recognized.OBJECTIVE: To give the most adequate preventive care and postpartum (PP) guidance, we aimed to make a metabolic characterization and identify subgroups of women with previous GDM within the first year PP.METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we collected data in gestational week 34-38, at 3 months, and 1 year PP on women with GDM who participated in a PP follow-up program in Central Region Denmark from April 2019 to December 2022.RESULTS: In total, 1270 women were included in the program in late pregnancy. Of the 768 women participating in either the oral glucose tolerance test 3 months PP (n = 545) or the 1-year follow-up (n = 493) or both (n = 261), 608 (79.2%) were normoglycemic, 137 (17.8%) had prediabetes, 20 (2.6%) had T2DM, and 3 (.4%) had developed T1DM. More than 40% of the women gained weight in the first year PP compared with their pregestational weight.CONCLUSION: Our study shows that 20.8% of women with GDM who volunteered to participate in a clinical follow-up program developed prediabetes or diabetes (T1DM and T2DM) within the first year PP. The GDM diagnosis encompasses a heterogenetic group of women and a deeper characterization may provide an opportunity for a more personalized risk assessment to prevent the progression to T2DM.

AB - CONTEXT: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of long-term complications, including impaired glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In current clinical practice, a 1 size fits all approach to GDM is applied, although heterogeneity among women with GDM has been recognized.OBJECTIVE: To give the most adequate preventive care and postpartum (PP) guidance, we aimed to make a metabolic characterization and identify subgroups of women with previous GDM within the first year PP.METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we collected data in gestational week 34-38, at 3 months, and 1 year PP on women with GDM who participated in a PP follow-up program in Central Region Denmark from April 2019 to December 2022.RESULTS: In total, 1270 women were included in the program in late pregnancy. Of the 768 women participating in either the oral glucose tolerance test 3 months PP (n = 545) or the 1-year follow-up (n = 493) or both (n = 261), 608 (79.2%) were normoglycemic, 137 (17.8%) had prediabetes, 20 (2.6%) had T2DM, and 3 (.4%) had developed T1DM. More than 40% of the women gained weight in the first year PP compared with their pregestational weight.CONCLUSION: Our study shows that 20.8% of women with GDM who volunteered to participate in a clinical follow-up program developed prediabetes or diabetes (T1DM and T2DM) within the first year PP. The GDM diagnosis encompasses a heterogenetic group of women and a deeper characterization may provide an opportunity for a more personalized risk assessment to prevent the progression to T2DM.

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KW - gestational diabetes mellitus

KW - oral glucose tolerance test

KW - prediabetes

KW - pregnancy

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U2 - 10.1210/jendso/bvae044

DO - 10.1210/jendso/bvae044

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JF - Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum

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