Chief Digital Officers (CDOs), senior executives dedicated to their firm’s digital (transformation) issues, have become increasingly common in the C-suite. As such, they are a notable management innovation for strategic leadership in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Studying the CDO thus holds great promise for advancing knowledge about not only this specific role but also about strategic leadership generally in the digital age. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a conceptual foundation to guide future research on the CDO. First, we develop the “3P” framework of CDOs that distinguishes between the CDO’s Position, the Person who is the CDO, and the CDO’s Place, that is the context in which the CDO operates. Second, building on the 3P framework and illustrated with descriptive analyses, we propose research directions and questions that should be considered for analyzing the CDO in a holistic way.