Casein glycomacropeptide is well tolerated in healthy adults and changes neither high-sensitive C-reactive protein, gut microbiota nor faecal butyrate: a restricted randomised trial

Pernille G Wernlund*, Christian L Hvas, Jens F Dahlerup, Martin I Bahl, Tine R Licht, Knud E B Knudsen, Jørgen S Agnholt

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaperJournal articleResearchpeer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)
126 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) is a bioactive milk-derived peptide with potential anti-inflammatory effects. Animal studies suggest that CGMP may work by altering gut microbiota composition and enhancing butyrate production. Its effects on intestinal homoeostasis, microbiota and metabolites in humans are unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess both the intestinal and systemic immunomodulatory effects of orally ingested CGMP. We hypothesised that daily oral CGMP intake would reduce high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in healthy adults. In a single-centre limited but randomised, double-blinded, reference-controlled study, we compared the effects of a 4-week intervention of either 25 g of oral powder-based chocolate-flavoured CGMP or a reference drink. We included twenty-four healthy adults who all completed the study. CGMP had no systemic or intestinal immunomodulatory effects compared with a reference drink, with regard to either hsCRP or faecal calprotectin level, faecal microbiota composition or faecal SCFA content. CGMP ingestion did not affect satiety or body weight, and it caused no severe adverse events. The palatability of CGMP was acceptable, and adherence was high. CGMP did not induce or change gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, we found no immunomodulatory effects of CGMP in healthy adults. In a minor group of healthy adults, oral ingestion of 25 g of CGMP during 4 weeks was safe, well tolerated, had acceptable palatability and was without any effects on body weight.

Original languageEnglish
JournalThe British Journal of Nutrition
Volume125
Issue12
Pages (from-to)1374–1385
Number of pages12
ISSN0007-1145
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2021

Keywords

  • Glycomacropeptide
  • anti-inflammatory
  • bioactive peptides
  • healthy adults
  • immunomodulation
  • milk protein
  • whey protein

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