In outlining the brain mechanisms underlying singing, this chapter first overviews organization of the brain, situating the complex sensorimotor feedback system associated with the gross and fine-motor coordination controlling vocalization. Full activation of this auditory, motor, somatosensory singing network distinguishes singing from listening to a song and from speaking, although there are shared processes. The hierarchical organization of the vocalization system from brain stem and spinal cord, to midbrain and anterior cingulate cortex, on to primary motor cortex is described. Brain imaging reveals the impact of vocal training. Evidence for a critical period for singing acquisition is discussed.