TY - JOUR
T1 - Biocatalysis for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Deep Eutectic Solvents
T2 - State-of-the-Art and Prospects
AU - Zhang, Ningning
AU - Domínguez de María, Pablo
AU - Kara, Selin
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - Biocatalysis holds immense potential for pharmaceutical development as it enables synthetic routes to various chiral building blocks with unparalleled selectivity. Therein, solvent and water use account for a large contribution to the environmental impact of the reactions. In the spirit of Green Chemistry, a transition from traditional highly diluted aqueous systems to intensified non-aqueous media to overcome limitations (e.g., water shortages, recalcitrant wastewater treatments, and low substrate loadings) has been observed. Benefiting from the spectacular advances in various enzyme stabilization techniques, a plethora of biotransformations in non-conventional media have been established. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) emerge as a sort of (potentially) greener non-aqueous medium with increasing use in biocatalysis. This review discusses the state-of-the-art of biotransformations in DESs with a focus on biocatalytic pathways for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Representative examples of different enzyme classes are discussed, together with a critical vision of the limitations and discussing prospects of using DESs for biocatalysis.
AB - Biocatalysis holds immense potential for pharmaceutical development as it enables synthetic routes to various chiral building blocks with unparalleled selectivity. Therein, solvent and water use account for a large contribution to the environmental impact of the reactions. In the spirit of Green Chemistry, a transition from traditional highly diluted aqueous systems to intensified non-aqueous media to overcome limitations (e.g., water shortages, recalcitrant wastewater treatments, and low substrate loadings) has been observed. Benefiting from the spectacular advances in various enzyme stabilization techniques, a plethora of biotransformations in non-conventional media have been established. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) emerge as a sort of (potentially) greener non-aqueous medium with increasing use in biocatalysis. This review discusses the state-of-the-art of biotransformations in DESs with a focus on biocatalytic pathways for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Representative examples of different enzyme classes are discussed, together with a critical vision of the limitations and discussing prospects of using DESs for biocatalysis.
KW - active pharmaceutical active ingredients
KW - biocatalysis
KW - deep eutectic solvents
KW - enzymes
KW - green chemistry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183395247&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/catal14010084
DO - 10.3390/catal14010084
M3 - Review
AN - SCOPUS:85183395247
SN - 2073-4344
VL - 14
JO - Catalysts
JF - Catalysts
IS - 1
M1 - 84
ER -