Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system

Chiara Bigi; Cyriack Jego; Vincent Polewczyk; Alessandro De Vita; Thomas Jaouen; Hulerich C. Tchouekem; François Bertran; Patrick Le Fèvre; Pascal Turban; Jean François Jacquot; Jill A. Miwa; Oliver J. Clark; Anupam Jana; Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi; Pasquale Orgiani; Mario Cuoco; Mats Leandersson; Thiagarajan Balasubramanian; Thomas Olsen; Younghun Hwang; Matthieu Jamet; Federico Mazzola

doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4

Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe₂-based van der Waals system

Chiara Bigi, Cyriack Jego, Vincent Polewczyk, Alessandro De Vita, Thomas Jaouen, Hulerich C. Tchouekem, François Bertran, Patrick Le Fèvre, Pascal Turban, Jean François Jacquot, Jill A. Miwa, Oliver J. Clark, Anupam Jana, Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi, Pasquale Orgiani, Mario Cuoco, Mats Leandersson, Thiagarajan Balasubramanian, Thomas Olsen, Younghun HwangMatthieu Jamet, Federico Mazzola

Department of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Systems with pronounced spin anisotropy are pivotal in advancing magnetization switching and spin-wave generation mechanisms that are fundamental to spintronic technologies. Quasi-van der Waals ferromagnets like Cr1+δTe2 represent seminal materials in this field, renowned for their delicate balance between frustrated layered geometries and magnetism. Despite extensive investigation, the nature of their magnetic ground state and the mechanism of spin reorientation under external fields and varying temperatures remain contested. Here, we exploit complementary techniques to reveal a previously overlooked magnetic phase in Cr1+δTe2 (δ = 0.25 - 0.50), which we term orthogonal-ferromagnetism. This phase consists of atomically sharp single layers of in-plane and out-of-plane maximally canted ferromagnetic blocks, which differs from the stacking of multiple heterostructural elements required for crossed magnetism. Contrary to earlier reports of gradual spin reorientation in CrTe2-based systems, we present evidence for abrupt spin-flop-like transitions. This discovery further highlights Cr1+δTe2 compounds as promising candidates for spintronic and orbitronic applications, opening new pathways for device engineering.

Original language	English
Article number	4495
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	16
Issue	1
Pages (from-to)	4495
Number of pages	1
ISSN	2041-1723
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4
Publication status	Published - Dec 2025

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Bigi, C., Jego, C., Polewczyk, V., De Vita, A., Jaouen, T., Tchouekem, H. C., Bertran, F., Le Fèvre, P., Turban, P., Jacquot, J. F., Miwa, J. A., Clark, O. J., Jana, A., Chaluvadi, S. K., Orgiani, P., Cuoco, M., Leandersson, M., Balasubramanian, T., Olsen, T., ... Mazzola, F. (2025). Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe₂-based van der Waals system. Nature Communications, 16(1), 4495. Article 4495. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4

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title = "Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system",

abstract = "Systems with pronounced spin anisotropy are pivotal in advancing magnetization switching and spin-wave generation mechanisms that are fundamental to spintronic technologies. Quasi-van der Waals ferromagnets like Cr1+δTe2 represent seminal materials in this field, renowned for their delicate balance between frustrated layered geometries and magnetism. Despite extensive investigation, the nature of their magnetic ground state and the mechanism of spin reorientation under external fields and varying temperatures remain contested. Here, we exploit complementary techniques to reveal a previously overlooked magnetic phase in Cr1+δTe2 (δ = 0.25 - 0.50), which we term orthogonal-ferromagnetism. This phase consists of atomically sharp single layers of in-plane and out-of-plane maximally canted ferromagnetic blocks, which differs from the stacking of multiple heterostructural elements required for crossed magnetism. Contrary to earlier reports of gradual spin reorientation in CrTe2-based systems, we present evidence for abrupt spin-flop-like transitions. This discovery further highlights Cr1+δTe2 compounds as promising candidates for spintronic and orbitronic applications, opening new pathways for device engineering.",

author = "Chiara Bigi and Cyriack Jego and Vincent Polewczyk and \{De Vita\}, Alessandro and Thomas Jaouen and Tchouekem, \{Hulerich C.\} and Fran{\c c}ois Bertran and \{Le F{\`e}vre\}, Patrick and Pascal Turban and Jacquot, \{Jean Fran{\c c}ois\} and Miwa, \{Jill A.\} and Clark, \{Oliver J.\} and Anupam Jana and Chaluvadi, \{Sandeep Kumar\} and Pasquale Orgiani and Mario Cuoco and Mats Leandersson and Thiagarajan Balasubramanian and Thomas Olsen and Younghun Hwang and Matthieu Jamet and Federico Mazzola",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4",

language = "English",

volume = "16",

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Bigi, C, Jego, C, Polewczyk, V, De Vita, A, Jaouen, T, Tchouekem, HC, Bertran, F, Le Fèvre, P, Turban, P, Jacquot, JF, Miwa, JA, Clark, OJ, Jana, A, Chaluvadi, SK, Orgiani, P, Cuoco, M, Leandersson, M, Balasubramanian, T, Olsen, T, Hwang, Y, Jamet, M & Mazzola, F 2025, 'Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe₂-based van der Waals system', Nature Communications, vol. 16, no. 1, 4495, pp. 4495. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4

TY - JOUR

T1 - Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system

AU - Bigi, Chiara

AU - Jego, Cyriack

AU - Polewczyk, Vincent

AU - De Vita, Alessandro

AU - Jaouen, Thomas

AU - Tchouekem, Hulerich C.

AU - Bertran, François

AU - Le Fèvre, Patrick

AU - Turban, Pascal

AU - Jacquot, Jean François

AU - Miwa, Jill A.

AU - Clark, Oliver J.

AU - Jana, Anupam

AU - Chaluvadi, Sandeep Kumar

AU - Orgiani, Pasquale

AU - Cuoco, Mario

AU - Leandersson, Mats

AU - Balasubramanian, Thiagarajan

AU - Olsen, Thomas

AU - Hwang, Younghun

AU - Jamet, Matthieu

AU - Mazzola, Federico

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - Systems with pronounced spin anisotropy are pivotal in advancing magnetization switching and spin-wave generation mechanisms that are fundamental to spintronic technologies. Quasi-van der Waals ferromagnets like Cr1+δTe2 represent seminal materials in this field, renowned for their delicate balance between frustrated layered geometries and magnetism. Despite extensive investigation, the nature of their magnetic ground state and the mechanism of spin reorientation under external fields and varying temperatures remain contested. Here, we exploit complementary techniques to reveal a previously overlooked magnetic phase in Cr1+δTe2 (δ = 0.25 - 0.50), which we term orthogonal-ferromagnetism. This phase consists of atomically sharp single layers of in-plane and out-of-plane maximally canted ferromagnetic blocks, which differs from the stacking of multiple heterostructural elements required for crossed magnetism. Contrary to earlier reports of gradual spin reorientation in CrTe2-based systems, we present evidence for abrupt spin-flop-like transitions. This discovery further highlights Cr1+δTe2 compounds as promising candidates for spintronic and orbitronic applications, opening new pathways for device engineering.

AB - Systems with pronounced spin anisotropy are pivotal in advancing magnetization switching and spin-wave generation mechanisms that are fundamental to spintronic technologies. Quasi-van der Waals ferromagnets like Cr1+δTe2 represent seminal materials in this field, renowned for their delicate balance between frustrated layered geometries and magnetism. Despite extensive investigation, the nature of their magnetic ground state and the mechanism of spin reorientation under external fields and varying temperatures remain contested. Here, we exploit complementary techniques to reveal a previously overlooked magnetic phase in Cr1+δTe2 (δ = 0.25 - 0.50), which we term orthogonal-ferromagnetism. This phase consists of atomically sharp single layers of in-plane and out-of-plane maximally canted ferromagnetic blocks, which differs from the stacking of multiple heterostructural elements required for crossed magnetism. Contrary to earlier reports of gradual spin reorientation in CrTe2-based systems, we present evidence for abrupt spin-flop-like transitions. This discovery further highlights Cr1+δTe2 compounds as promising candidates for spintronic and orbitronic applications, opening new pathways for device engineering.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005474343

U2 - 10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4

DO - 10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 40368910

AN - SCOPUS:105005474343

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 16

SP - 4495

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

IS - 1

M1 - 4495

ER -

Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe₂-based van der Waals system

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