The vision of the project is to develop and implement methodology for genetic improvement in Nordic dairy breeds so farmers using Nord ic dairy cattle breeds can stay competitive. Genetic improvement in Nordic dairy cattle have for many years had a special profile with more emphasis on disease resistance, fertility and animal welfare compared with the black and white Holsteins that primarily have focused on production. Such a focus has had detrimental effects on fertility and animal welfare. The Nordic profile has had considerable impact on Nordic Red Cattle (NRC) and Jersey compared with the internationally widespread Holstein breed.