TY - JOUR

T1 - The house spider genome reveals an ancient whole-genome duplication during arachnid evolution

AU - Schwager, Evelyn E.

AU - Sharma, Prashant P.

AU - Clarke, Thomas

AU - Leite, Daniel J.

AU - Wierschin, Torsten

AU - Pechmann, Matthias

AU - Akiyama-Oda, Yasuko

AU - Esposito, Lauren

AU - Bechsgaard, Jesper

AU - Bilde, Trine

AU - Buffry, Alexandra D.

AU - Chao, Hsu

AU - Dinh, Huyen

AU - Doddapaneni, HarshaVardhan

AU - Dugan, Shannon

AU - Eibner, Cornelius

AU - Extavour, Cassandra G.

AU - Funch, Peter

AU - Garb, Jessica

AU - Gonzalez, Luis B.

AU - Gonzalez, Vanessa L.

AU - Griffiths-Jones, Sam

AU - Han, Yi

AU - Hayashi, Cheryl

AU - Hilbrant, Maarten

AU - Hughes, Daniel S. T.

AU - Janssen, Ralf

AU - Lee, Sandra L.

AU - Maeso, Ignacio

AU - Murali, Shwetha C.

AU - Muzny, Donna M.

AU - da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes

AU - Paese, Christian L. B.

AU - Qu, Jiaxin

AU - Ronshaugen, Matthew

AU - Schomburg, Christoph

AU - Schonauer, Anna

AU - Stollewerk, Angelika

AU - Torres-Oliva, Montserrat

AU - Turetzek, Natascha

AU - Vanthournout, Bram

AU - Werren, John H.

AU - Wolff, Carsten

AU - Worley, Kim C.

AU - Bucher, Gregor

AU - Gibbs, Richard A.

AU - Coddington, Jonathan

AU - Oda, Hiroki

AU - Stanke, Mario

AU - Ayoub, Nadia A.

AU - Prpic, Nikola-Michael

AU - Flot, Jean-Francois

AU - Posnien, Nico

AU - Richards, Stephen

AU - McGregor, Alistair P.

PY - 2017/7/31

Y1 - 2017/7/31

N2 - Background: The duplication of genes can occur through various mechanisms and is thought to make a major contribution to the evolutionary diversification of organisms. There is increasing evidence for a large-scale duplication of genes in some chelicerate lineages including two rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) in horseshoe crabs. To investigate this further, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum.Results: We found pervasive duplication of both coding and non-coding genes in this spider, including two clusters of Hox genes. Analysis of synteny conservation across the P. tepidariorum genome suggests that there has been an ancient WGD in spiders. Comparison with the genomes of other chelicerates, including that of the newly sequenced bark scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus, suggests that this event occurred in the common ancestor of spiders and scorpions, and is probably independent of the WGDs in horseshoe crabs. Furthermore, characterization of the sequence and expression of the Hox paralogs in P. tepidariorum suggests that many have been subject to neo-functionalization and/or sub-functionalization since their duplication.Conclusions: Our results reveal that spiders and scorpions are likely the descendants of a polyploid ancestor that lived more than 450 MYA. Given the extensive morphological diversity and ecological adaptations found among these animals, rivaling those of vertebrates, our study of the ancient WGD event in Arachnopulmonata provides a new comparative platform to explore common and divergent evolutionary outcomes of polyploidization events across eukaryotes.

AB - Background: The duplication of genes can occur through various mechanisms and is thought to make a major contribution to the evolutionary diversification of organisms. There is increasing evidence for a large-scale duplication of genes in some chelicerate lineages including two rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) in horseshoe crabs. To investigate this further, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum.Results: We found pervasive duplication of both coding and non-coding genes in this spider, including two clusters of Hox genes. Analysis of synteny conservation across the P. tepidariorum genome suggests that there has been an ancient WGD in spiders. Comparison with the genomes of other chelicerates, including that of the newly sequenced bark scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus, suggests that this event occurred in the common ancestor of spiders and scorpions, and is probably independent of the WGDs in horseshoe crabs. Furthermore, characterization of the sequence and expression of the Hox paralogs in P. tepidariorum suggests that many have been subject to neo-functionalization and/or sub-functionalization since their duplication.Conclusions: Our results reveal that spiders and scorpions are likely the descendants of a polyploid ancestor that lived more than 450 MYA. Given the extensive morphological diversity and ecological adaptations found among these animals, rivaling those of vertebrates, our study of the ancient WGD event in Arachnopulmonata provides a new comparative platform to explore common and divergent evolutionary outcomes of polyploidization events across eukaryotes.

KW - Parasteatoda tepidariorum

KW - Genome

KW - Centruroides sculpturatus

KW - Gene duplication

KW - Evolution

KW - Hox genes

KW - MESOBUTHUS-MARTENSII REVEALS

KW - HOX GENES

KW - PARASTEATODA-TEPIDARIORUM

KW - PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES

KW - CUPIENNIUS-SALEI

KW - HOMEOBOX GENES

KW - ACHAEARANEA-TEPIDARIORUM

KW - DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

KW - EXPRESSION PATTERNS

KW - DOSAGE-SENSITIVITY

U2 - 10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x

DO - 10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28756775

VL - 15

JO - B M C Biology

JF - B M C Biology

SN - 1741-7007

M1 - 62

ER -