Empiricism, Critical theory, Critique of civilisation (starting with Rousseau), German idealism, Hermeneutics, History of historical understanding, Modern aesthetics (starting with Baumgarten), Modernity, late modernity and post-modernity, Natural law and contract theory (social perceptions in the Age of Enlightenment), Philosophy of enlightenment, Pragmatism, Republicanism, State and sovereignty, The idea of progress, Theories of democracy