Extensive areas with cyanobacteria blooms, coasts tormented with short lived filamentous algae and bottom waters depleted of oxygen are the most pronounced effects of the increasing eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Alteration of the ecosystem through intensive fishing and climate impacts may further have exacerbated undesirable effects. This has led to increased efforts in developing nutrient management plans at an international level and strengthening of the scientific knowledge base supporting environmental policies to restore ecosystem services. Restoring the Baltic Sea ecosystem is a great challenge for scientists and managers with its multiple stressors and cross-boundary pollution sources. This session invites contributions that will advance our knowledge on how the Baltic Sea ecosystem responds to changing nutrient inputs, fisheries and climate change, and that will provide guidance towards future well-informed governance.