WO3 Monomers Supported on Anatase TiO2(101), −(001), and Rutile TiO2(110): A Comparative STM and XPS Study

Tao Xu; Kræn C. Adamsen; Zheshen Li; Lutz Lammich; Jeppe V. Lauritsen; Stefan Wendt

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09356

WO₃ Monomers Supported on Anatase TiO₂(101), −(001), and Rutile TiO₂(110): A Comparative STM and XPS Study

Tao Xu, Kræn C. Adamsen, Zheshen Li, Lutz Lammich, Jeppe V. Lauritsen^*, Stefan Wendt^*

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

12 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

We combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the molecular and electronic structure of submonolayer tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO₂(101), −(001), and rutile TiO₂(110) surfaces. We found that monomeric tungsten oxide species form on all three TiO₂ surfaces upon mild annealing at 400 K, with a geometry depending on the supporting facet. At ∼600 K, surface diffusion of the monomers sets in, but the monomers remain on the surface without diffusing into the bulk even at higher annealing temperatures. As-deposited tungsten oxide at monolayer coverage is stronger oxidized than thick layers. At elevated temperatures (400-900 K), significant reduction is observed, strongly dependent on the TiO₂ facet employed and bulk defects within the substrate. Among the TiO₂ surfaces studied, the weakest reduction by vacuum annealing was found for tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO₂(001).

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Vol/bind	126
Nummer	5
Sider (fra-til)	2493-2502
Antal sider	10
ISSN	1932-7447
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09356
Status	Udgivet - feb. 2022

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10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09356

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Citationsformater

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title = "WO3 Monomers Supported on Anatase TiO2(101), −(001), and Rutile TiO2(110): A Comparative STM and XPS Study",

abstract = "We combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the molecular and electronic structure of submonolayer tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO2(101), −(001), and rutile TiO2(110) surfaces. We found that monomeric tungsten oxide species form on all three TiO2 surfaces upon mild annealing at 400 K, with a geometry depending on the supporting facet. At ∼600 K, surface diffusion of the monomers sets in, but the monomers remain on the surface without diffusing into the bulk even at higher annealing temperatures. As-deposited tungsten oxide at monolayer coverage is stronger oxidized than thick layers. At elevated temperatures (400-900 K), significant reduction is observed, strongly dependent on the TiO2 facet employed and bulk defects within the substrate. Among the TiO2 surfaces studied, the weakest reduction by vacuum annealing was found for tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO2(001).",

author = "Tao Xu and Adamsen, {Kr{\ae}n C.} and Zheshen Li and Lutz Lammich and Lauritsen, {Jeppe V.} and Stefan Wendt",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 American Chemical Society",

year = "2022",

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doi = "10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09356",

language = "English",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - WO3 Monomers Supported on Anatase TiO2(101), −(001), and Rutile TiO2(110)

T2 - A Comparative STM and XPS Study

AU - Xu, Tao

AU - Adamsen, Kræn C.

AU - Li, Zheshen

AU - Lammich, Lutz

AU - Lauritsen, Jeppe V.

AU - Wendt, Stefan

PY - 2022/2

Y1 - 2022/2

N2 - We combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the molecular and electronic structure of submonolayer tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO2(101), −(001), and rutile TiO2(110) surfaces. We found that monomeric tungsten oxide species form on all three TiO2 surfaces upon mild annealing at 400 K, with a geometry depending on the supporting facet. At ∼600 K, surface diffusion of the monomers sets in, but the monomers remain on the surface without diffusing into the bulk even at higher annealing temperatures. As-deposited tungsten oxide at monolayer coverage is stronger oxidized than thick layers. At elevated temperatures (400-900 K), significant reduction is observed, strongly dependent on the TiO2 facet employed and bulk defects within the substrate. Among the TiO2 surfaces studied, the weakest reduction by vacuum annealing was found for tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO2(001).

AB - We combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the molecular and electronic structure of submonolayer tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO2(101), −(001), and rutile TiO2(110) surfaces. We found that monomeric tungsten oxide species form on all three TiO2 surfaces upon mild annealing at 400 K, with a geometry depending on the supporting facet. At ∼600 K, surface diffusion of the monomers sets in, but the monomers remain on the surface without diffusing into the bulk even at higher annealing temperatures. As-deposited tungsten oxide at monolayer coverage is stronger oxidized than thick layers. At elevated temperatures (400-900 K), significant reduction is observed, strongly dependent on the TiO2 facet employed and bulk defects within the substrate. Among the TiO2 surfaces studied, the weakest reduction by vacuum annealing was found for tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO2(001).

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124332153&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09356

DO - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09356

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85124332153

SN - 1932-7447

VL - 126

SP - 2493

EP - 2502

JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry C

JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry C

IS - 5