TY - JOUR
T1 - Water management to mitigate the global warming potential of rice systems
T2 - A global meta-analysis
AU - Jiang, Yu
AU - Carrijo, Daniela
AU - Huang, Shan
AU - Chen, Ji
AU - Balaine, Nimlesh
AU - Zhang, Weijian
AU - van Groenigen, Kees Jan
AU - Linquist, Bruce
PY - 2019/3/15
Y1 - 2019/3/15
N2 -
Rice is a main staple food for roughly half of the world's population, but rice agriculture is also a main source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Many studies have reported that water management (e.g. alternate wetting and drying, intermittent irrigation, mid-season drain, aerobic rice) affects rice yields and methane (CH
4
) and nitrous oxide (N
2
O) emissions from rice paddies. However, these studies span a variety of practices and vary in experimental design and results, making it difficult to determine their global response from individual experiments. Here we conducted a meta-analysis using 201 paired observations from 52 studies to assess the effects of water management practices on GHG emissions and rice yield. Overall, compared to continuous flooding, non-continuous flooding practices reduced CH
4
emissions by 53%, increased N
2
O emissions by 105%, and decreased yield by 3.6%. Importantly, N
2
O emissions were low, contributing, on average, 12% to the combined global warming potential (GWP; CH
4
+ N
2
O). As a result, non-continuous flooding reduced GWP (-44%) and yield-scaled GWP (-42%). However, non-continuous flooding practices stimulated N
2
O emissions to a greater degree in soils with high organic carbon or with manure additions. The reduction in CH
4
emissions increased with the number of drying events, soil drying severity, and the number of unflooded days. Currently, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scaling factors for single and multiple (≥ 2) drying events are 0.6 and 0.52. Based on this analysis using actual side-by- side field studies, we suggest changing these to 0.67 for a single event and 0.36 for multiple events.
AB -
Rice is a main staple food for roughly half of the world's population, but rice agriculture is also a main source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Many studies have reported that water management (e.g. alternate wetting and drying, intermittent irrigation, mid-season drain, aerobic rice) affects rice yields and methane (CH
4
) and nitrous oxide (N
2
O) emissions from rice paddies. However, these studies span a variety of practices and vary in experimental design and results, making it difficult to determine their global response from individual experiments. Here we conducted a meta-analysis using 201 paired observations from 52 studies to assess the effects of water management practices on GHG emissions and rice yield. Overall, compared to continuous flooding, non-continuous flooding practices reduced CH
4
emissions by 53%, increased N
2
O emissions by 105%, and decreased yield by 3.6%. Importantly, N
2
O emissions were low, contributing, on average, 12% to the combined global warming potential (GWP; CH
4
+ N
2
O). As a result, non-continuous flooding reduced GWP (-44%) and yield-scaled GWP (-42%). However, non-continuous flooding practices stimulated N
2
O emissions to a greater degree in soils with high organic carbon or with manure additions. The reduction in CH
4
emissions increased with the number of drying events, soil drying severity, and the number of unflooded days. Currently, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scaling factors for single and multiple (≥ 2) drying events are 0.6 and 0.52. Based on this analysis using actual side-by- side field studies, we suggest changing these to 0.67 for a single event and 0.36 for multiple events.
KW - Alternate wetting and drying
KW - Greenhouse gas emissions
KW - Intermittent irrigation
KW - Meta- analysis
KW - Rice
KW - Water management
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061582703&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fcr.2019.02.010
DO - 10.1016/j.fcr.2019.02.010
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85061582703
SN - 0378-4290
VL - 234
SP - 47
EP - 54
JO - Field Crops Research
JF - Field Crops Research
ER -