TY - JOUR
T1 - Unveiling the multiregional circular economy pathways for global dysprosium constraints
AU - Eheliyagoda, Disna
AU - Veluri, Badrinath
AU - Liu, Gang
AU - Ramanujan, Devarajan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s)
PY - 2025/4
Y1 - 2025/4
N2 - Dysprosium (Dy) is added to neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets to improve the high-temperature performance in many low-carbon technology products. Due to the expected demand expansion, supply uncertainties, and reserve limitations, there is a significant focus on implementing Dy reduction strategies in various industrial communities. This study provides a multiregional analysis of global Dy supply and demand considering climate and general targets from 2022-2050. It also evaluates the role of resource decoupling strategies in global Dy demand reduction. Results indicate that global Dy supply and demand appear to be complex, with demand likely expanding and exceeding primary supply capacity in the coming decades (up to 14 kt by 2050), owing mainly as a response to climate targets. Several resource decoupling strategies considered in this study show a promising role for reducing the Dy consumption (4.5-8.5 kt). Rare-earth exploration, supply diversification, and international collaboration can also shrink future Dy shortage.
AB - Dysprosium (Dy) is added to neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets to improve the high-temperature performance in many low-carbon technology products. Due to the expected demand expansion, supply uncertainties, and reserve limitations, there is a significant focus on implementing Dy reduction strategies in various industrial communities. This study provides a multiregional analysis of global Dy supply and demand considering climate and general targets from 2022-2050. It also evaluates the role of resource decoupling strategies in global Dy demand reduction. Results indicate that global Dy supply and demand appear to be complex, with demand likely expanding and exceeding primary supply capacity in the coming decades (up to 14 kt by 2050), owing mainly as a response to climate targets. Several resource decoupling strategies considered in this study show a promising role for reducing the Dy consumption (4.5-8.5 kt). Rare-earth exploration, supply diversification, and international collaboration can also shrink future Dy shortage.
KW - Circular economy
KW - Climate targets
KW - Dysprosium
KW - NdFeB magnets
KW - Resource decoupling strategies
KW - Supply and demand
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85213836823&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.108121
DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.108121
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85213836823
SN - 0921-3449
VL - 215
JO - Resources, Conservation and Recycling
JF - Resources, Conservation and Recycling
M1 - 108121
ER -