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Toxicokinetics of Ag (nano)materials in the soil model Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) - impact of aging and concentration

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DOI

  • Fátima C.F. Santos, University of Aveiro
    • ,
  • Paula S. Tourinho, University of Aveiro
    • ,
  • Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand
  • Cornelis A.M. van Gestel, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
    • ,
  • Mónica J.B. Amorim, University of Aveiro

Silver (Ag) nanomaterials (NMs) are used in many products, eventually reaching the environment at some life stage and as they can be harmful their impact should be assessed. Although research has focused on Ag NM toxicity, less focus has been on toxicokinetics. The aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of Ag nanomaterial (Ag NM300K) and AgNO3in the soil invertebrateEnchytraeus crypticus. Tests followed OECD guideline 317, with 14 days uptake followed by 14 days elimination in LUFA 2.2 soil. Two sub-lethal concentrations were selected based on enchytraeid sensitivity in a reproduction test (6 and 60 mg Ag per kg for Ag NM300K, and 5 and 45 mg Ag per kg for AgNO3), and spiked soil aged for 3 and 14 days after spiking. Total and 0.01 M CaCl2extractable soil concentrations were evaluated at day 0, 1 and 14 for all the exposures. Overall, enchytraeids showed increasing Ag uptake with time, followed by a decrease when transferred to clean soil. For the lowest exposure concentrations, the difference in Ag uptake rate constants between 3 and 14 days aging was larger (10-fold) for AgNO3than for NM300K (uptake rates being highest for soil aged for 3 days), which was in line with the higher CaCl2-extractable Ag concentrations in AgNO3spiked soil. At the higher exposure concentrations, for AgNO3the difference in Ag uptake rate constants between 3 and 14 days aged soils was 2-fold, with the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) being highest at 3 days aging. For Ag NM300K, the uptake rate constant was low with virtually no elimination, suggesting that body Ag concentrations may keep on increasing with time leading to a higher risk of longer-term exposure compared to the Ag ions. These findings show the importance of understanding the toxicokinetics of ionic and nano forms of silver and other elements, and the key role of aging in determining NM bioavailability.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftEnvironmental Science: Nano
Vol/bind8
Nummer9
Sider (fra-til)2629-2640
Antal sider12
ISSN2051-8153
DOI
StatusUdgivet - sep. 2021

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by the European Commission Project H2020-NMBP-2017 BIORIMA (GA No. 760928) and H2020-NMBP-13-2018 NANORIGO (GA No. 814530). Thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020) through national funds and FCT via a PhD grant to F. Santos (SFRH/BD/118294/2016). The authors would like to thank Rudo Verweij for his technical support in the chemical analysis.

Funding Information:
This study was supported by the European Commission Project H2020-NMBP-2017 BIORIMA (GA No. 760928) and H2020-NMBP-13-2018 NANORIGO (GA No. 814530). Thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020) through national funds and FCTviaa PhD grant to F. Santos (SFRH/BD/118294/2016). The authors would like to thank Rudo Verweij for his technical support in the chemical analysis.

Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.

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