TY - JOUR
T1 - The systemic immune response in Parkinson's disease
T2 - focus on the peripheral immune component
AU - Lauritsen, Johanne
AU - Romero-Ramos, Marina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/10
Y1 - 2023/10
N2 - During Parkinson's disease (PD), both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are affected. In parallel, innate immune cells respond early to neuronal changes and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathology. Moreover, some of the affected neuronal groups innervate organs with a relevant role in immunity. Consequently, not only microglia, but also peripheral immune cells are altered, resulting in a systemic immune response. Innate and adaptive immune cells may participate in the neurodegenerative process by acting peripherally, infiltrating the brain, or releasing mediators that can protect or harm neurons. However, the sequence of the changes and the significance of each immune compartment in the disease remain to be clarified. In this review, we describe current understanding of the peripheral immune response in PD and discuss the road ahead.
AB - During Parkinson's disease (PD), both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are affected. In parallel, innate immune cells respond early to neuronal changes and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathology. Moreover, some of the affected neuronal groups innervate organs with a relevant role in immunity. Consequently, not only microglia, but also peripheral immune cells are altered, resulting in a systemic immune response. Innate and adaptive immune cells may participate in the neurodegenerative process by acting peripherally, infiltrating the brain, or releasing mediators that can protect or harm neurons. However, the sequence of the changes and the significance of each immune compartment in the disease remain to be clarified. In this review, we describe current understanding of the peripheral immune response in PD and discuss the road ahead.
KW - B cells
KW - monocytes
KW - neurodegeneration
KW - neuroimmune
KW - neuroinflammation
KW - neutrophils
KW - T cells
KW - α-synuclein
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168356343&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.005
DO - 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.005
M3 - Review
C2 - 37598092
AN - SCOPUS:85168356343
SN - 0166-2236
VL - 46
SP - 863
EP - 878
JO - Trends in Neurosciences
JF - Trends in Neurosciences
IS - 10
ER -