The role of polarisation of circulating tumour cells in cancer metastasis

TY - JOUR

T1 - The role of polarisation of circulating tumour cells in cancer metastasis

AU - Heikenwalder, Mathias

AU - Lorentzen, Anna

PY - 2019/10

Y1 - 2019/10

N2 - Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumour to a distant site of the body. Metastasising tumour cells have to survive and readjust to different environments, such as heterogeneous solid tissues and liquid phase in lymph- or blood circulation, which they achieve through a high degree of plasticity that renders them adaptable to varying conditions. One defining characteristic of the metastatic process is the transition of tumour cells between different polarised phenotypes, ranging from differentiated epithelial polarity to migratory front-rear polarity. Here, we review the polarisation types adopted by tumour cells during the metastatic process and describe the recently discovered single-cell polarity in liquid phase observed in circulating tumour cells. We propose that single-cell polarity constitutes a mode of polarisation of the cell cortex that is uncoupled from the intracellular polarisation machinery, which distinguishes single-cell polarity from other types of polarity identified so far. We discuss how single-cell polarity can contribute to tumour metastasis and the therapeutic potential of this new discovery.

AB - Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumour to a distant site of the body. Metastasising tumour cells have to survive and readjust to different environments, such as heterogeneous solid tissues and liquid phase in lymph- or blood circulation, which they achieve through a high degree of plasticity that renders them adaptable to varying conditions. One defining characteristic of the metastatic process is the transition of tumour cells between different polarised phenotypes, ranging from differentiated epithelial polarity to migratory front-rear polarity. Here, we review the polarisation types adopted by tumour cells during the metastatic process and describe the recently discovered single-cell polarity in liquid phase observed in circulating tumour cells. We propose that single-cell polarity constitutes a mode of polarisation of the cell cortex that is uncoupled from the intracellular polarisation machinery, which distinguishes single-cell polarity from other types of polarity identified so far. We discuss how single-cell polarity can contribute to tumour metastasis and the therapeutic potential of this new discovery.

KW - Actin

KW - Adhesion

KW - Attachment

KW - CTC

KW - Cancer

KW - Single-cell polarity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068067987&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00018-019-03169-3

DO - 10.1007/s00018-019-03169-3

M3 - Review

C2 - 31218452

SN - 1420-682X

VL - 76

SP - 3765

EP - 3781

JO - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

JF - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

IS - 19

ER -