The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Haozhi Ma; Thomas W. Crowther; Lidong Mo; Daniel S. Maynard; Susanne S. Renner; Johan van den Hoogen; Yibiao Zou; Jingjing Liang; Sergio de-Miguel; Gert Jan Nabuurs; Peter B. Reich; Ülo Niinemets; Meinrad Abegg; Yves C. Adou Yao; Giorgio Alberti; Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano; Braulio Vilchez Alvarado; Esteban Alvarez-Dávila; Patricia Alvarez-Loayza; Luciana F. Alves; Christian Ammer; Clara Antón-Fernández; Alejandro Araujo-Murakami; Luzmila Arroyo; Valerio Avitabile; Gerardo A. Aymard; Timothy R. Baker; Radomir Bałazy; Olaf Banki; Jorcely G. Barroso; Meredith L. Bastian; Jean Francois Bastin; Luca Birigazzi; Philippe Birnbaum; Robert Bitariho; Pascal Boeckx; Frans Bongers; Olivier Bouriaud; Pedro H.S. Brancalion; Susanne Brandl; Francis Q. Brearley; Roel Brienen; Eben N. Broadbent; Helge Bruelheide; Filippo Bussotti; Roberto Cazzolla Gatti; Ricardo G. César; Goran Cesljar; Robin Chazdon; Han Y.H. Chen; Chelsea Chisholm; Hyunkook Cho; Emil Cienciala; Connie Clark; David Clark; Gabriel D. Colletta; David A. Coomes; Fernando Cornejo Valverde; José J. Corral-Rivas; Philip M. Crim; Jonathan R. Cumming; Selvadurai Dayanandan; André L. de Gasper; Mathieu Decuyper; Géraldine Derroire; Ben DeVries; Ilija Djordjevic; Jiri Dolezal; Aurélie Dourdain; Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang; Brian J. Enquist; Teresa J. Eyre; Adandé Belarmain Fandohan; Tom M. Fayle; Ted R. Feldpausch; Leandro V. Ferreira; Leena Finér; Markus Fischer; Christine Fletcher; Jonas Fridman; Lorenzo Frizzera; Javier G.P. Gamarra; Damiano Gianelle; Henry B. Glick; David J. Harris; Andrew Hector; Andreas Hemp; Geerten Hengeveld; Bruno Hérault; John L. Herbohn; Martin Herold; Annika Hillers; Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado; Cang Hui; Thomas T. Ibanez; Iêda Amaral; Nobuo Imai; Andrzej M. Jagodziński; Bogdan Jaroszewicz; Vivian Kvist Johannsen; Carlos A. Joly; Tommaso Jucker; Ilbin Jung; Viktor Karminov; Kuswata Kartawinata; Elizabeth Kearsley; David Kenfack; Deborah K. Kennard; Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas; Gunnar Keppel; Mohammed Latif Khan; Timothy J. Killeen; Hyun Seok Kim; Kanehiro Kitayama; Michael Köhl; Henn Korjus; Florian Kraxner; Dmitry Kucher; Diana Laarmann; Mait Lang; Simon L. Lewis; Huicui Lu; Natalia V. Lukina; Brian S. Maitner; Yadvinder Malhi; Eric Marcon; Beatriz Schwantes Marimon; Ben Hur Marimon-Junior; Andrew R. Marshall; Emanuel H. Martin; Jorge A. Meave; Omar Melo-Cruz; Casimiro Mendoza; Cory Merow; Abel Monteagudo Mendoza; Vanessa S. Moreno; Sharif A. Mukul; Philip Mundhenk; María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda; David Neill; Victor J. Neldner; Radovan V. Nevenic; Michael R. Ngugi; Pascal A. Niklaus; Jacek Oleksyn; Petr Ontikov; Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi; Yude Pan; Alain Paquette; Alexander Parada-Gutierrez; Elena I. Parfenova; Minjee Park; Marc Parren; Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy; Pablo L. Peri; Sebastian Pfautsch; Oliver L. Phillips; Nicolas Picard; Maria Teresa F. Piedade; Daniel Piotto; Nigel C.A. Pitman; Irina Mendoza-Polo; Axel D. Poulsen; John R. Poulsen; Hans Pretzsch; Freddy Ramirez Arevalo; Zorayda Restrepo-Correa; Mirco Rodeghiero; Samir G. Rolim; Anand Roopsind; Francesco Rovero; Ervan Rutishauser; Purabi Saikia; Christian Salas-Eljatib; Philippe Saner; Peter Schall; Mart Jan Schelhaas; Dmitry Schepaschenko; Michael Scherer-Lorenzen; Bernhard Schmid; Jochen Schöngart; Eric B. Searle; Vladimír Seben; Josep M. Serra-Diaz; Douglas Sheil; Anatoly Z. Shvidenko; Javier E. Silva-Espejo; Marcos Silveira; James Singh; Plinio Sist; Ferry Slik; Bonaventure Sonké; Alexandre F. Souza; Stanislaw Miścicki; Krzysztof J. Stereńczak; Jens Christian Svenning; Miroslav Svoboda; Ben Swanepoel; Natalia Targhetta; Nadja Tchebakova; Hans ter Steege; Raquel Thomas; Elena Tikhonova; Peter M. Umunay; Vladimir A. Usoltsev; Renato Valencia; Fernando Valladares; Fons van der Plas; Tran Van Do; Michael E. van Nuland; Rodolfo M. Vasquez; Hans Verbeeck; Helder Viana; Alexander C. Vibrans; Simone Vieira; Klaus von Gadow; Hua Feng Wang; James V. Watson; Gijsbert D.A. Werner; Bertil Westerlund; Susan K. Wiser; Florian Wittmann; Hannsjoerg Woell; Verginia Wortel; Roderick Zagt; Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki; Chunyu Zhang; Xiuhai Zhao; Mo Zhou; Zhi Xin Zhu; Irie C. Zo-Bi; Constantin M. Zohner

doi:10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5

The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Haozhi Ma^*, Thomas W. Crowther, Lidong Mo, Daniel S. Maynard, Susanne S. Renner, Johan van den Hoogen, Yibiao Zou, Jingjing Liang, Sergio de-Miguel, Gert Jan Nabuurs, Peter B. Reich, Ülo Niinemets, Meinrad Abegg, Yves C. Adou Yao, Giorgio Alberti, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Braulio Vilchez Alvarado, Esteban Alvarez-Dávila, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Luciana F. AlvesChristian Ammer, Clara Antón-Fernández, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Luzmila Arroyo, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard, Timothy R. Baker, Radomir Bałazy, Olaf Banki, Jorcely G. Barroso, Meredith L. Bastian, Jean Francois Bastin, Luca Birigazzi, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho, Pascal Boeckx, Frans Bongers, Olivier Bouriaud, Pedro H.S. Brancalion, Susanne Brandl, Francis Q. Brearley, Roel Brienen, Eben N. Broadbent, Helge Bruelheide, Filippo Bussotti, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Ricardo G. César, Goran Cesljar, Robin Chazdon, Han Y.H. Chen, Chelsea Chisholm, Hyunkook Cho, Emil Cienciala, Connie Clark, David Clark, Gabriel D. Colletta, David A. Coomes, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, José J. Corral-Rivas, Philip M. Crim, Jonathan R. Cumming, Selvadurai Dayanandan, André L. de Gasper, Mathieu Decuyper, Géraldine Derroire, Ben DeVries, Ilija Djordjevic, Jiri Dolezal, Aurélie Dourdain, Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang, Brian J. Enquist, Teresa J. Eyre, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, Tom M. Fayle, Ted R. Feldpausch, Leandro V. Ferreira, Leena Finér, Markus Fischer, Christine Fletcher, Jonas Fridman, Lorenzo Frizzera, Javier G.P. Gamarra, Damiano Gianelle, Henry B. Glick, David J. Harris, Andrew Hector, Andreas Hemp, Geerten Hengeveld, Bruno Hérault, John L. Herbohn, Martin Herold, Annika Hillers, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Cang Hui, Thomas T. Ibanez, Iêda Amaral, Nobuo Imai, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Carlos A. Joly, Tommaso Jucker, Ilbin Jung, Viktor Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Elizabeth Kearsley, David Kenfack, Deborah K. Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, Timothy J. Killeen, Hyun Seok Kim, Kanehiro Kitayama, Michael Köhl, Henn Korjus, Florian Kraxner, Dmitry Kucher, Diana Laarmann, Mait Lang, Simon L. Lewis, Huicui Lu, Natalia V. Lukina, Brian S. Maitner, Yadvinder Malhi, Eric Marcon, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Jorge A. Meave, Omar Melo-Cruz, Casimiro Mendoza, Cory Merow, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanessa S. Moreno, Sharif A. Mukul, Philip Mundhenk, María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda, David Neill, Victor J. Neldner, Radovan V. Nevenic, Michael R. Ngugi, Pascal A. Niklaus, Jacek Oleksyn, Petr Ontikov, Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi, Yude Pan, Alain Paquette, Alexander Parada-Gutierrez, Elena I. Parfenova, Minjee Park, Marc Parren, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Pablo L. Peri, Sebastian Pfautsch, Oliver L. Phillips, Nicolas Picard, Maria Teresa F. Piedade, Daniel Piotto, Nigel C.A. Pitman, Irina Mendoza-Polo, Axel D. Poulsen, John R. Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Zorayda Restrepo-Correa, Mirco Rodeghiero, Samir G. Rolim, Anand Roopsind, Francesco Rovero, Ervan Rutishauser, Purabi Saikia, Christian Salas-Eljatib, Philippe Saner, Peter Schall, Mart Jan Schelhaas, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Bernhard Schmid, Jochen Schöngart, Eric B. Searle, Vladimír Seben, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Douglas Sheil, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Marcos Silveira, James Singh, Plinio Sist, Ferry Slik, Bonaventure Sonké, Alexandre F. Souza, Stanislaw Miścicki, Krzysztof J. Stereńczak, Jens Christian Svenning, Miroslav Svoboda, Ben Swanepoel, Natalia Targhetta, Nadja Tchebakova, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas, Elena Tikhonova, Peter M. Umunay, Vladimir A. Usoltsev, Renato Valencia, Fernando Valladares, Fons van der Plas, Tran Van Do, Michael E. van Nuland, Rodolfo M. Vasquez, Hans Verbeeck, Helder Viana, Alexander C. Vibrans, Simone Vieira, Klaus von Gadow, Hua Feng Wang, James V. Watson, Gijsbert D.A. Werner, Bertil Westerlund, Susan K. Wiser, Florian Wittmann, Hannsjoerg Woell, Verginia Wortel, Roderick Zagt, Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao, Mo Zhou, Zhi Xin Zhu, Irie C. Zo-Bi, Constantin M. Zohner

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

6 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Nature Plants
Vol/bind	9
Nummer	11
Sider (fra-til)	1795–1809
Antal sider	15
ISSN	2055-0278
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5
Status	Udgivet - nov. 2023

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10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5Licens: CC BY

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Citationsformater

Ma, H., Crowther, T. W., Mo, L., Maynard, D. S., Renner, S. S., van den Hoogen, J., Zou, Y., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G. J., Reich, P. B., Niinemets, Ü., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y. C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A. M., Alvarado, B. V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., ... Zohner, C. M. (2023). The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit. Nature Plants, 9(11), 1795–1809. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5

@article{813ab144fa6944519b49b70d6156625c,

title = "The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit",

abstract = "Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.",

keywords = "Carbon/metabolism, Ecosystem, Forests, Habits, Humans, Plant Leaves/metabolism, Trees/metabolism",

author = "Haozhi Ma and Crowther, {Thomas W.} and Lidong Mo and Maynard, {Daniel S.} and Renner, {Susanne S.} and {van den Hoogen}, Johan and Yibiao Zou and Jingjing Liang and Sergio de-Miguel and Nabuurs, {Gert Jan} and Reich, {Peter B.} and {\"U}lo Niinemets and Meinrad Abegg and {Adou Yao}, {Yves C.} and Giorgio Alberti and {Almeyda Zambrano}, {Angelica M.} and Alvarado, {Braulio Vilchez} and Esteban Alvarez-D{\'a}vila and Patricia Alvarez-Loayza and Alves, {Luciana F.} and Christian Ammer and Clara Ant{\'o}n-Fern{\'a}ndez and Alejandro Araujo-Murakami and Luzmila Arroyo and Valerio Avitabile and Aymard, {Gerardo A.} and Baker, {Timothy R.} and Radomir Ba{\l}azy and Olaf Banki and Barroso, {Jorcely G.} and Bastian, {Meredith L.} and Bastin, {Jean Francois} and Luca Birigazzi and Philippe Birnbaum and Robert Bitariho and Pascal Boeckx and Frans Bongers and Olivier Bouriaud and Brancalion, {Pedro H.S.} and Susanne Brandl and Brearley, {Francis Q.} and Roel Brienen and Broadbent, {Eben N.} and Helge Bruelheide and Filippo Bussotti and {Cazzolla Gatti}, Roberto and C{\'e}sar, {Ricardo G.} and Goran Cesljar and Robin Chazdon and Chen, {Han Y.H.} and Chelsea Chisholm and Hyunkook Cho and Emil Cienciala and Connie Clark and David Clark and Colletta, {Gabriel D.} and Coomes, {David A.} and Valverde, {Fernando Cornejo} and Corral-Rivas, {Jos{\'e} J.} and Crim, {Philip M.} and Cumming, {Jonathan R.} and Selvadurai Dayanandan and {de Gasper}, {Andr{\'e} L.} and Mathieu Decuyper and G{\'e}raldine Derroire and Ben DeVries and Ilija Djordjevic and Jiri Dolezal and Aur{\'e}lie Dourdain and {Engone Obiang}, {Nestor Laurier} and Enquist, {Brian J.} and Eyre, {Teresa J.} and Fandohan, {Adand{\'e} Belarmain} and Fayle, {Tom M.} and Feldpausch, {Ted R.} and Ferreira, {Leandro V.} and Leena Fin{\'e}r and Markus Fischer and Christine Fletcher and Jonas Fridman and Lorenzo Frizzera and Gamarra, {Javier G.P.} and Damiano Gianelle and Glick, {Henry B.} and Harris, {David J.} and Andrew Hector and Andreas Hemp and Geerten Hengeveld and Bruno H{\'e}rault and Herbohn, {John L.} and Martin Herold and Annika Hillers and {Honorio Coronado}, {Eur{\'i}dice N.} and Cang Hui and Ibanez, {Thomas T.} and I{\^e}da Amaral and Nobuo Imai and Jagodzi{\'n}ski, {Andrzej M.} and Bogdan Jaroszewicz and Johannsen, {Vivian Kvist} and Joly, {Carlos A.} and Tommaso Jucker and Ilbin Jung and Viktor Karminov and Kuswata Kartawinata and Elizabeth Kearsley and David Kenfack and Kennard, {Deborah K.} and Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas and Gunnar Keppel and Khan, {Mohammed Latif} and Killeen, {Timothy J.} and Kim, {Hyun Seok} and Kanehiro Kitayama and Michael K{\"o}hl and Henn Korjus and Florian Kraxner and Dmitry Kucher and Diana Laarmann and Mait Lang and Lewis, {Simon L.} and Huicui Lu and Lukina, {Natalia V.} and Maitner, {Brian S.} and Yadvinder Malhi and Eric Marcon and Marimon, {Beatriz Schwantes} and Marimon-Junior, {Ben Hur} and Marshall, {Andrew R.} and Martin, {Emanuel H.} and Meave, {Jorge A.} and Omar Melo-Cruz and Casimiro Mendoza and Cory Merow and {Monteagudo Mendoza}, Abel and Moreno, {Vanessa S.} and Mukul, {Sharif A.} and Philip Mundhenk and Nava-Miranda, {Mar{\'i}a Guadalupe} and David Neill and Neldner, {Victor J.} and Nevenic, {Radovan V.} and Ngugi, {Michael R.} and Niklaus, {Pascal A.} and Jacek Oleksyn and Petr Ontikov and Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi and Yude Pan and Alain Paquette and Alexander Parada-Gutierrez and Parfenova, {Elena I.} and Minjee Park and Marc Parren and Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy and Peri, {Pablo L.} and Sebastian Pfautsch and Phillips, {Oliver L.} and Nicolas Picard and Piedade, {Maria Teresa F.} and Daniel Piotto and Pitman, {Nigel C.A.} and Irina Mendoza-Polo and Poulsen, {Axel D.} and Poulsen, {John R.} and Hans Pretzsch and {Ramirez Arevalo}, Freddy and Zorayda Restrepo-Correa and Mirco Rodeghiero and Rolim, {Samir G.} and Anand Roopsind and Francesco Rovero and Ervan Rutishauser and Purabi Saikia and Christian Salas-Eljatib and Philippe Saner and Peter Schall and Schelhaas, {Mart Jan} and Dmitry Schepaschenko and Michael Scherer-Lorenzen and Bernhard Schmid and Jochen Sch{\"o}ngart and Searle, {Eric B.} and Vladim{\'i}r Seben and Serra-Diaz, {Josep M.} and Douglas Sheil and Shvidenko, {Anatoly Z.} and Silva-Espejo, {Javier E.} and Marcos Silveira and James Singh and Plinio Sist and Ferry Slik and Bonaventure Sonk{\'e} and Souza, {Alexandre F.} and Stanislaw Mi{\'s}cicki and Stere{\'n}czak, {Krzysztof J.} and Svenning, {Jens Christian} and Miroslav Svoboda and Ben Swanepoel and Natalia Targhetta and Nadja Tchebakova and {ter Steege}, Hans and Raquel Thomas and Elena Tikhonova and Umunay, {Peter M.} and Usoltsev, {Vladimir A.} and Renato Valencia and Fernando Valladares and {van der Plas}, Fons and {Van Do}, Tran and {van Nuland}, {Michael E.} and Vasquez, {Rodolfo M.} and Hans Verbeeck and Helder Viana and Vibrans, {Alexander C.} and Simone Vieira and {von Gadow}, Klaus and Wang, {Hua Feng} and Watson, {James V.} and Werner, {Gijsbert D.A.} and Bertil Westerlund and Wiser, {Susan K.} and Florian Wittmann and Hannsjoerg Woell and Verginia Wortel and Roderick Zagt and Tomasz Zawi{\l}a-Nied{\'z}wiecki and Chunyu Zhang and Xiuhai Zhao and Mo Zhou and Zhu, {Zhi Xin} and Zo-Bi, {Irie C.} and Zohner, {Constantin M.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

pages = "1795–1809",

journal = "Nature Plants",

issn = "2055-0278",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

number = "11",

}

Ma, H, Crowther, TW, Mo, L, Maynard, DS, Renner, SS, van den Hoogen, J, Zou, Y, Liang, J, de-Miguel, S, Nabuurs, GJ, Reich, PB, Niinemets, Ü, Abegg, M, Adou Yao, YC, Alberti, G, Almeyda Zambrano, AM, Alvarado, BV, Alvarez-Dávila, E, Alvarez-Loayza, P, Alves, LF, Ammer, C, Antón-Fernández, C, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arroyo, L, Avitabile, V, Aymard, GA, Baker, TR, Bałazy, R, Banki, O, Barroso, JG, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Birigazzi, L, Birnbaum, P, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bongers, F, Bouriaud, O, Brancalion, PHS, Brandl, S, Brearley, FQ, Brienen, R, Broadbent, EN, Bruelheide, H, Bussotti, F, Cazzolla Gatti, R, César, RG, Cesljar, G, Chazdon, R, Chen, HYH, Chisholm, C, Cho, H, Cienciala, E, Clark, C, Clark, D, Colletta, GD, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Corral-Rivas, JJ, Crim, PM, Cumming, JR, Dayanandan, S, de Gasper, AL, Decuyper, M, Derroire, G, DeVries, B, Djordjevic, I, Dolezal, J, Dourdain, A, Engone Obiang, NL, Enquist, BJ, Eyre, TJ, Fandohan, AB, Fayle, TM, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, LV, Finér, L, Fischer, M, Fletcher, C, Fridman, J, Frizzera, L, Gamarra, JGP, Gianelle, D, Glick, HB, Harris, DJ, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Hengeveld, G, Hérault, B, Herbohn, JL, Herold, M, Hillers, A, Honorio Coronado, EN, Hui, C, Ibanez, TT, Amaral, I, Imai, N, Jagodziński, AM, Jaroszewicz, B, Johannsen, VK, Joly, CA, Jucker, T, Jung, I, Karminov, V, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kennard, DK, Kepfer-Rojas, S, Keppel, G, Khan, ML, Killeen, TJ, Kim, HS, Kitayama, K, Köhl, M, Korjus, H, Kraxner, F, Kucher, D, Laarmann, D, Lang, M, Lewis, SL, Lu, H, Lukina, NV, Maitner, BS, Malhi, Y, Marcon, E, Marimon, BS, Marimon-Junior, BH, Marshall, AR, Martin, EH, Meave, JA, Melo-Cruz, O, Mendoza, C, Merow, C, Monteagudo Mendoza, A, Moreno, VS, Mukul, SA, Mundhenk, P, Nava-Miranda, MG, Neill, D, Neldner, VJ, Nevenic, RV, Ngugi, MR, Niklaus, PA, Oleksyn, J, Ontikov, P, Ortiz-Malavasi, E, Pan, Y, Paquette, A, Parada-Gutierrez, A, Parfenova, EI, Park, M, Parren, M, Parthasarathy, N, Peri, PL, Pfautsch, S, Phillips, OL, Picard, N, Piedade, MTF, Piotto, D, Pitman, NCA, Mendoza-Polo, I, Poulsen, AD, Poulsen, JR, Pretzsch, H, Ramirez Arevalo, F, Restrepo-Correa, Z, Rodeghiero, M, Rolim, SG, Roopsind, A, Rovero, F, Rutishauser, E, Saikia, P, Salas-Eljatib, C, Saner, P, Schall, P, Schelhaas, MJ, Schepaschenko, D, Scherer-Lorenzen, M, Schmid, B, Schöngart, J, Searle, EB, Seben, V, Serra-Diaz, JM, Sheil, D, Shvidenko, AZ, Silva-Espejo, JE, Silveira, M, Singh, J, Sist, P, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Souza, AF, Miścicki, S, Stereńczak, KJ, Svenning, JC, Svoboda, M, Swanepoel, B, Targhetta, N, Tchebakova, N, ter Steege, H, Thomas, R, Tikhonova, E, Umunay, PM, Usoltsev, VA, Valencia, R, Valladares, F, van der Plas, F, Van Do, T, van Nuland, ME, Vasquez, RM, Verbeeck, H, Viana, H, Vibrans, AC, Vieira, S, von Gadow, K, Wang, HF, Watson, JV, Werner, GDA, Westerlund, B, Wiser, SK, Wittmann, F, Woell, H, Wortel, V, Zagt, R, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T, Zhang, C, Zhao, X, Zhou, M, Zhu, ZX, Zo-Bi, IC & Zohner, CM 2023, 'The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit', Nature Plants, bind 9, nr. 11, s. 1795–1809. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5

TY - JOUR

T1 - The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

AU - Ma, Haozhi

AU - Crowther, Thomas W.

AU - Mo, Lidong

AU - Maynard, Daniel S.

AU - Renner, Susanne S.

AU - van den Hoogen, Johan

AU - Zou, Yibiao

AU - Liang, Jingjing

AU - de-Miguel, Sergio

AU - Nabuurs, Gert Jan

AU - Reich, Peter B.

AU - Niinemets, Ülo

AU - Abegg, Meinrad

AU - Adou Yao, Yves C.

AU - Alberti, Giorgio

AU - Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M.

AU - Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez

AU - Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban

AU - Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia

AU - Alves, Luciana F.

AU - Ammer, Christian

AU - Antón-Fernández, Clara

AU - Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro

AU - Arroyo, Luzmila

AU - Avitabile, Valerio

AU - Aymard, Gerardo A.

AU - Baker, Timothy R.

AU - Bałazy, Radomir

AU - Banki, Olaf

AU - Barroso, Jorcely G.

AU - Bastian, Meredith L.

AU - Bastin, Jean Francois

AU - Birigazzi, Luca

AU - Birnbaum, Philippe

AU - Bitariho, Robert

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PY - 2023/11

Y1 - 2023/11

N2 - Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.

AB - Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.

KW - Carbon/metabolism

KW - Ecosystem

KW - Forests

KW - Habits

KW - Humans

KW - Plant Leaves/metabolism

KW - Trees/metabolism

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85174580524&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5

DO - 10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37872262

AN - SCOPUS:85174580524

SN - 2055-0278

VL - 9

SP - 1795

EP - 1809

JO - Nature Plants

JF - Nature Plants

IS - 11

ER -

The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Abstract

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