The Formal Model for the butterfly Pieris napi (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) agent-based model in the Animal Landscape and Man Simulation System (ALMaSS)

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Formal Model for the butterfly Pieris napi (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) agent-based model in the Animal Landscape and Man Simulation System (ALMaSS)

AU - Topping, Christopher John

AU - Duan, Xiaodong

PY - 2025/2/14

Y1 - 2025/2/14

N2 - We present a formal model for Pieris napi, the green-veined white. This model is intended for inclusion in the Animal Landscape and Man Simulation System as the basis for regulatory assessment of the impacts of pesticides on butterfly pollinators. We propose implementing the model using an individual-based format, with the added complication of a dynamically coupled individual-based model for parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The model’s main drivers are weather, temperature and the distribution of larval food plants and nectar forage resources in space and time. A prototype model description is presented, describing the full model ready for implementation. The model considers individuals at all life stages, from eggs to adults and utilises thermal performance models to represent development. Movement is modelled in detail, integrating dispersal, egg laying and foraging. Mortality sources include parasitoids, background mortality, slow development and pesticide and farm management mortality. A simple toxicological model is described as a basis for future expansion.

AB - We present a formal model for Pieris napi, the green-veined white. This model is intended for inclusion in the Animal Landscape and Man Simulation System as the basis for regulatory assessment of the impacts of pesticides on butterfly pollinators. We propose implementing the model using an individual-based format, with the added complication of a dynamically coupled individual-based model for parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The model’s main drivers are weather, temperature and the distribution of larval food plants and nectar forage resources in space and time. A prototype model description is presented, describing the full model ready for implementation. The model considers individuals at all life stages, from eggs to adults and utilises thermal performance models to represent development. Movement is modelled in detail, integrating dispersal, egg laying and foraging. Mortality sources include parasitoids, background mortality, slow development and pesticide and farm management mortality. A simple toxicological model is described as a basis for future expansion.

U2 - 10.3897/fmj.6.142802

DO - 10.3897/fmj.6.142802

M3 - Journal article

SN - 2815-3197

VL - 6

JO - Food and Ecological Systems Modelling Journal

JF - Food and Ecological Systems Modelling Journal

M1 - e142802

ER -