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The estimated effect of season and vitamin D in the first trimester on pubertal timing in girls and boys: a cohort study and an instrumental variable analysis
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift/Konferencebidrag i tidsskrift /Bidrag til avis › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review
DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyad060
Forlagets udgivne version
- Anne Gaml-Sørensen
- Nis Brix
- Andreas Ernst
- Lea Lykke Harrits Lunddorf
- Christian Lindh, Lund University, Sverige
- Gunnar Toft
- Tine Brink Henriksen
- Onyebuchi A Arah
- Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen
- Institut for Folkesundhed - Epidemiologi
- Institut for Klinisk Medicin - Klinisk Genetisk afdeling
- Institut for Klinisk Medicin - Urinvejskirurgi
- Institut for Folkesundhed
- Institut for Klinisk Medicin - SDCA-Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus
- Institut for Klinisk Medicin - Børn og Unge
- Institut for Statskundskab - PIREAU
BACKGROUND: Season of birth has been associated with age at menarche. Maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy may explain this effect. We investigated whether the season of first trimester or maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels were associated with pubertal timing in children.
METHODS: We conducted a follow-up study of 15 819 children born in 2000-03 from the Puberty Cohort, nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Mean differences in attaining numerous pubertal markers, including a combined estimate for the average age at attaining all pubertal markers, were estimated for low (November-April) relative to high (May-October) sunshine exposure season in the first trimester using multivariable interval-censored regression models. Moreover, we conducted a two-sample instrumental variable analysis using season as an instrument for maternal first-trimester 25(OH)D3 plasma levels obtained from a non-overlapping subset (n = 827) in the DNBC.
RESULTS: For the combined estimate, girls and boys of mothers who had their first trimester during November-April had earlier pubertal timing than girls and boys of mothers whose first trimester occurred during May-October: -1.0 months (95% CI: -1.7 to -0.3) and -0.7 months (95% CI: -1.4 to -0.1), respectively. In the instrumental variable analysis, girls and boys also had earlier pubertal timing: respectively, -1.3 months (95% CI: -2.1 to -0.4) and -1.0 months (95% CI: -1.8 to -0.2) per SD (22 nmol/L) decrease in 25(OH)D3.
CONCLUSIONS: Both first pregnancy trimester during November-April and lower 25(OH)D3 were associated with earlier pubertal timing in girls and boys.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | International Journal of Epidemiology |
| Antal sider | 13 |
| ISSN | 0300-5771 |
| DOI | |
| Status | E-pub ahead of print - 13 maj 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
© The Author(s) 2023; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.
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